To undo the last Git commit, you can use the following steps:

1. Check the commit history: First, verify the commit history and ensure that you want to undo the most recent commit. Use the `git log` command to view the commit history:

   git log

The log will display the commit messages and commit hashes, allowing you to identify the commit you want to undo.

2. Undo the commit and keep changes: If you want to undo the commit but keep the changes from that commit in your working directory, you can use the `git reset` command with the `--soft` option. This will move the branch pointer of the current branch to the previous commit, effectively undoing the last commit:

   git reset --soft HEAD~1

The `HEAD~1` specifies the commit you want to go back to, which in this case is the previous commit. This command will leave the changes from the undone commit in your working directory as uncommitted changes.

3. Undo the commit and discard changes: If you want to completely undo the last commit and discard the changes, you can use the `git reset` command with the `--hard` option. This will remove the last commit entirely and discard any changes associated with it:

   git reset --hard HEAD~1

Similar to the previous command, `HEAD~1` specifies the commit to go back to, which is the previous commit. Be cautious when using `--hard` as it permanently removes the changes from the undone commit.

4. Push the changes (if necessary): If you have already pushed the commit to a remote repository and want to update it with the undone commit, you will need to force-push the changes. However, it's generally not recommended to force-push changes that have already been shared with others unless you have a specific reason to do so.

   git push origin <branch-name> --force

Replace `<branch-name>` with the name of the branch where you want to force-push the changes.

Conclusion:

By following these steps, you can effectively undo the last Git commit and either keep the changes as uncommitted or discard them entirely. Remember to use caution when using `--hard` or force-pushing, as they can permanently remove or modify the commit history.