Modern Concurrency: Beyond the Basics [SUBSCRIBER]

Introduction

Get an overview of what’s in this course and take a closer look at what you’ll learn in Part 1 — AsyncStream, continuations, unit testing. Get introduced to the messaging app you’ll work on and review what you need to work through this course.

AsyncStream

AsyncStream is an easier way to create a custom AsyncSequence. Convert the Typewriter AsyncSequence from the previous course to unfolding (pull-based) and buffered (push-based) AsyncStreams.

Using AsyncStream to Count Down

Run the course server. Get an overview of Blabber’s chat() function. Implement a countdown timer as an unfolding AsyncStream.

Using AsyncStream for Notifications

Wrap the synchronous Notifications API in a buffered AsyncStream to produce system messages when users leave the chat and return.

Using a Buffered AsyncStream

Challenge: Rewrite countdown(to:) using the buffered push-based version of AsyncStream and Timer.scheduledTimer.

Unit Testing

Add unit tests for the BlabberModel type: To verify that BlabberModel sends correct data to the server, you’ll configure a custom URLSession for your tests to work with, write unit tests for say(_:) and countdown(to:), and note timeout and duration issues that you’ll fix in Episode 9 Unit Testing Tools.

Wrapping Delegate With Continuation

To implement the location button in Blabber, you’ll use a manual continuation to integrate the Core Location manager delegate pattern with Swift concurrency. You’ll inject a manual continuation into a custom Core Location manager delegate and use this to implement its delegate methods. This is a good way to handle a fixed number of delegate method calls.

Wrapping Callback With Continuation

The starter project contains a custom AddressCoder to convert a location into the nearest address. To simulate a callback API, its method addressFor(location:) requires a completion handler. You’ll wrap this in a manual continuation to post the user’s address as a Blabber message.

Unit Testing Tools

When you wrote unit tests in episode 6, there were two issues: await doesn’t time out, and the tests take more than 5 seconds to run, because of the 1-second waits built into the countdown. In this episode, you’ll create unit testing tools to fix these issues: You’ll create a timeout mechanism, and you’ll speed up execution with a custom sleep function.

Conclusion

Review what you learned in Part 1 and see what’s coming up in Part 2.

Introduction

Learn how to use TaskGroup for truly dynamic concurrency and how to use the Actor API to make your code thread-safe. Learn about the apps you’ll build in this part of the course and the Swift concurrency tools you’ll use.

TaskGroup

Learn how to use TaskGroup to create concurrency on the fly. The image download tasks in Sky are independent, so you can run them concurrently. Add them to a task group and set their priority to promote UI updates.

Using TaskGroup

Learn how to safely process the results of concurrent tasks in a TaskGroup and control the number of tasks running in parallel.

Actor

The EmojiArt app runs a lot of tasks in parallel: Concurrent tasks add downloaded images to a collection and update progress values, so there’s a lot of potential for data races. Learn how to use the Actor protocol to protect shared mutable state and convert EmojiArtModel from a class to an actor.

Writing Safe Concurrent Code With Actors

Examine the ImageLoader actor and use it to provide an in-memory image cache for the EmojiArt app.

GlobalActor

Learn how to create custom global actors, just like MainActor, for situations where you need a single, shared actor that’s accessible from anywhere.

Creating a GlobalActor

Create a custom GlobalActor to provide a persistent, on-disk image cache that allows easy and safe access to shared resources from anywhere in your app.

Using a GlobalActor

Use your ImageDatabase global actor to provide an on-disk image cache for the EmojiArt app. Implement the in-memory cache hit counter and clear button.

Challenge: Using a GlobalActor

Challenge: Implement the on-disk cache hit counter and clear button.

Conclusion

Review what you learned in this course.