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React Router v6 探索

 2 years ago
source link: https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000041616895
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没事翻了翻 React Router 的文档，发现已推到了 v6.2.2 版本，这个版本做了很大的改动，让我们一起看看吧

为什么推出 v6

  • 推出 v6 的最大原因是 React Hooks 的出现
  • v6 写的代码要比 v5 代码更加紧凑和优雅

我们通过代码来感受下，这是 v6 写的伪代码

import { Routes, Route, useParams } from "react-router-dom";

function App() {
    return (
        <Routes>
            <Route path="blog/:id" element={<Head />} />
        </Routes>
  );
}

function Head() {
    let { id } = useParams();
    return (
        <>
            <Footer />
        </>
    );
}

function Footer() {
    let { id } = useParams();
}

这是 v5 写的伪代码

import * as React from "react";
import { Switch, Route } from "react-router-dom";

class App extends React.Component {
    render() {
        return (
            <Switch>
                <Route
                    path="head/:id"
                    render={({ match }) => (
                        <Head id={match.params.id} />
                    )}
                />
            </Switch>
        );
    }
}

class Head extends React.Component {
    render() {
        return (
            <>
                <Footer id={this.props.id} />
            </>
        );
    }
}

class Footer extends React.Component {
    render() {
        return (
            <>
                <ButtonComponent id={this.props.id} />
            </>
        );
    }
}

这个例子表明

  • Hooks 消除了使用 <Route render> 访问路由器内部状态的需要
  • 手动传递 props 将该状态传播到子组件的需要
  • 应用程序包体积更小

增加了哪些特性？

  1. <Switch> 升级为 <Routes>

    • Routes 内的所有 <Route> 和 <Link> 是相对的。这使得 <Route path> 和 <Link to> 中的代码更精简、更可预测
    • 路由是根据最佳匹配，而不是按顺序遍历，这避免了由于路由不可达而导致的错误
    • 路由可以嵌套在一个地方，而不是分散在不同的组件中
  2. 新钩子 useRoutes 代替 react-router-config
import React, { lazy } from 'react';
import PrivateRoute from '@components/PrivateRoute/index';

const Dashboard = lazy(() => import('@pages/dashboard/index'));
const Abount = lazy(() => import('@pages/abount/index'));

const routes = [
    {
        path: '/home',
        component: Dashboard
    },
    {
        path: '/about',
        component: Abount
    },
];

const RouteWithSubRoutes = route => (
    <PrivateRoute path={route.path} component={route.component} routes={route.routes} />
);

const routeConfig = routes.map((route, i) => <RouteWithSubRoutes key={i} {...route} />);
export default routeConfig;

function App() {
    let element = useRoutes([
        { path: '/', element: <Home /> },
        {
            path: 'users',
            element: <Users />,
            children: [
                { path: '/', element: <UsersIndex /> },
                { path: ':id', element: <UserProfile /> },
                { path: 'me', element: <OwnUserProfile /> },
            ]
        }
    ]);
    return element;
}

就感觉更优雅一些

  1. 用 useNavigate 代替 useHistory
import { useHistory } from "react-router-dom";

function App() {
    let history = useHistory();
    function handleClick() {
        history.push("/home");
    }
    return (
        <div>
            <button onClick={handleClick}>go home</button>
        </div>
    );
}
import { useNavigate } from "react-router-dom";

function App() {
    let navigate = useNavigate();
    function handleClick() {
        navigate("/home");
    }
    return (
        <div>
            <button onClick={handleClick}>go home</button>
        </div>
    );
}

这个变化不是很大

  1. Route 的变化
  • 4.1 <Route exact> 移除，使用 /* 代替
<Route path="/*" element={<Home />} />
  • 4.2 <Route children> 使用 <Route element> 代替
import Profile from './Profile';

// v5
<Route path=":userId" component={<Profile />} />

// v6
<Route path=":userId" element={<Profile />} />
  • 4.3 Outlet
    我们使用一个 <Outlet> 元素作为占位符。在 <Outlet> 这种情况下，Users 组件如何呈现其子路由。因此，将根据当前位置 <Outlet> 呈现一个 <UserProfile> 或<OwnUserProfile> 元素
import {
    BrowserRouter,
    Routes,
    Route,
    Link,
    Outlet
} from 'react-router-dom';

function App() {
      return (
        <BrowserRouter>
            <Routes>
                <Route path="/" element={<Home />} />
                <Route path="users" element={<Users />}>
                <Route path="/" element={<UsersIndex />} />
                <Route path=":id" element={<UserProfile />} />
                <Route path="me" element={<OwnUserProfile />} />
                </Route>
            </Routes>
        </BrowserRouter>
      );
}

function Users() {
      return (
        <div>
              <nav>
                <Link to="me">My Profile</Link>
            </nav>
            <Outlet />
        </div>
      );
}

这里我们使用 create-react-app 来创建项目，安装好之后，进入项目，安装 react-router-dom@6 依赖

$ npx create-react-app react-app
$ cd react-app
$ npm install react-router-dom@6

src/index.js 在编辑器中打开，BrowserRouter 从顶部附近导入 react-router-dom 并将 <APP> 包装在 <BrowserRouter>

// src/index.js
import * as React from "react";
import * as ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import { BrowserRouter } from "react-router-dom";
import "./index.css";
import App from "./App";
import * as serviceWorker from "./serviceWorker";

ReactDOM.render(
    <BrowserRouter>
        <App />
    </BrowserRouter>,
    document.getElementById("root")
);

打开 src/App.js 并用一些路由替换默认标记

// App.js
import * as React from "react";
import { Routes, Route, Link } from "react-router-dom";
import "./App.css";

function App() {
    return (
        <div className="App">
            <h1>Welcome to React Router!</h1>
                <Routes>
                    <Route path="/" element={<Home />} />
                    <Route path="about" element={<About />} />
                </Routes>
        </div>
    );
}

现在，仍在 src/App.js，创建你的路由组件

// src/App.js
function Home() {
    return (
        <>
            <main>
                <h2>Home</h2>
            </main>
            <nav>
                <Link to="/about">About</Link>
            </nav>
        </>
    );
}

function About() {
    return (
        <>
            <main>
                <h2>About</h2>
            </main>
            <nav>
                <Link to="/">Home</Link>
            </nav>
        </>
    );
}

运行 npm start ，您应该会看到 Home 标识

如何升级 v6

官方的迁移指南在这里：React Router v6 迁移指南

如果你正在用 Hook 重构你的应用，我的建议是可以尝试

如果你觉得这篇内容对你挺有启发，别忘记点赞 + 关注

欢迎添加我的个人微信：Jiang9684，一起交流前端技术

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