Java 容器之 Map

public interface Map<K,V> { }

public abstract class AbstractMap<K,V> implements Map<K,V> {}

public interface SortedMap<K,V> extends Map<K,V> { }

public interface NavigableMap<K,V> extends SortedMap<K,V> { }

public abstract class Dictionary<K,V> {}

public class HashMap<K,V> extends AbstractMap<K,V>
    implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, Serializable {

    // 该表在初次使用时初始化，并根据需要调整大小。分配时，长度总是2的幂。
    transient Node<K,V>[] table;
    // 保存缓存的 entrySet()。请注意，AbstractMap 字段用于 keySet() 和 values()。
    transient Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet;
    // map 中的键值对数
    transient int size;
    // 这个HashMap被结构修改的次数结构修改是那些改变HashMap中的映射数量或者修改其内部结构（例如，重新散列）的修改。
    transient int modCount;
    // 下一个调整大小的值（容量*加载因子）。
    int threshold;
    // 散列表的加载因子
    final float loadFactor;
}

public HashMap(); // 默认加载因子0.75
public HashMap(int initialCapacity); // 默认加载因子0.75；以 initialCapacity 初始化容量
public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor); // 以 initialCapacity 初始化容量；以 loadFactor 初始化加载因子
public HashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) // 默认加载因子0.75

public V put(K key, V value) {
    return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true);
}

// hashcode 无符号位移 16 位
static final int hash(Object key) {
    int h;
    return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16);
}

final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,
                   boolean evict) {
    Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i;
    // tab 为空则创建
    if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
        n = (tab = resize()).length;
    // 计算 index，并对 null 做处理
    if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null)
        tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
    else {
        Node<K,V> e; K k;
        // 节点存在
        if (p.hash == hash &&
            ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
            e = p;
        // 该链为树
        else if (p instanceof TreeNode)
            e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);
        // 该链为链表
        else {
            for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {
                if ((e = p.next) == null) {
                    p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
                    if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st
                        treeifyBin(tab, hash);
                    break;
                }
                if (e.hash == hash &&
                    ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                    break;
                p = e;
            }
        }
        // 写入
        if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key
            V oldValue = e.value;
            if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
                e.value = value;
            afterNodeAccess(e);
            return oldValue;
        }
    }
    ++modCount;
    if (++size > threshold)
        resize();
    afterNodeInsertion(evict);
    return null;
}

public V get(Object key) {
    Node<K,V> e;
    return (e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null ? null : e.value;
}

final Node<K,V> getNode(int hash, Object key) {
        Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first, e; int n; K k;
    if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
        (first = tab[(n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
        // 直接命中
        if (first.hash == hash && // always check first node
            ((k = first.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
            return first;
        // 未命中
        if ((e = first.next) != null) {
            // 在树中 get
            if (first instanceof TreeNode)
                return ((TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
            // 在链表中 get
            do {
                if (e.hash == hash &&
                    ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                    return e;
            } while ((e = e.next) != null);
        }
    }
    return null;
}

static final int hash(Object key) {
    int h;
    return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16);
}

(n - 1) & hash

final Node<K,V>[] resize() {
    Node<K,V>[] oldTab = table;
    int oldCap = (oldTab == null) ? 0 : oldTab.length;
    int oldThr = threshold;
    int newCap, newThr = 0;
    if (oldCap > 0) {
        // 超过最大值就不再扩充了，就只好随你碰撞去吧
        if (oldCap >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
            threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
            return oldTab;
        }
        // 没超过最大值，就扩充为原来的 2 倍
        else if ((newCap = oldCap << 1) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY &&
                    oldCap >= DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY)
            newThr = oldThr << 1; // double threshold
    }
    else if (oldThr > 0) // initial capacity was placed in threshold
        newCap = oldThr;
    else {               // zero initial threshold signifies using defaults
        newCap = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;
        newThr = (int)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR * DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);
    }

    // 计算新的 resize 上限
    if (newThr == 0) {
        float ft = (float)newCap * loadFactor;
        newThr = (newCap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY ?
                    (int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    }
    threshold = newThr;
    @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"})
        Node<K,V>[] newTab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node[newCap];
    table = newTab;
    if (oldTab != null) {
        // 把每个 bucket 都移动到新的 buckets 中
        for (int j = 0; j < oldCap; ++j) {
            Node<K,V> e;
            if ((e = oldTab[j]) != null) {
                oldTab[j] = null;
                if (e.next == null)
                    newTab[e.hash & (newCap - 1)] = e;
                else if (e instanceof TreeNode)
                    ((TreeNode<K,V>)e).split(this, newTab, j, oldCap);
                else { // preserve order
                    Node<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null;
                    Node<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null;
                    Node<K,V> next;
                    do {
                        next = e.next;
                        // 原索引
                        if ((e.hash & oldCap) == 0) {
                            if (loTail == null)
                                loHead = e;
                            else
                                loTail.next = e;
                            loTail = e;
                        }
                        // 原索引+oldCap
                        else {
                            if (hiTail == null)
                                hiHead = e;
                            else
                                hiTail.next = e;
                            hiTail = e;
                        }
                    } while ((e = next) != null);
                    // 原索引放到bucket里
                    if (loTail != null) {
                        loTail.next = null;
                        newTab[j] = loHead;
                    }
                    // 原索引+oldCap放到bucket里
                    if (hiTail != null) {
                        hiTail.next = null;
                        newTab[j + oldCap] = hiHead;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return newTab;
}

public class LinkedHashMap<K,V>
    extends HashMap<K,V>
    implements Map<K,V> {

    // 双链表的头指针
    transient LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> head;
    // 双链表的尾指针
    transient LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> tail;
    // 迭代排序方法：true 表示访问顺序；false 表示插入顺序
    final boolean accessOrder;
}

public V put(K key, V value) {
    Entry<K,V> t = root;
    // 如果根节点为 null，插入第一个节点
    if (t == null) {
        compare(key, key); // type (and possibly null) check

        root = new Entry<>(key, value, null);
        size = 1;
        modCount++;
        return null;
    }
    int cmp;
    Entry<K,V> parent;
    // split comparator and comparable paths
    Comparator<? super K> cpr = comparator;
    // 每个节点的左孩子节点的值小于它；右孩子节点的值大于它
    // 如果有比较器，使用比较器进行比较
    if (cpr != null) {
        do {
            parent = t;
            cmp = cpr.compare(key, t.key);
            if (cmp < 0)
                t = t.left;
            else if (cmp > 0)
                t = t.right;
            else
                return t.setValue(value);
        } while (t != null);
    }
    // 没有比较器，使用 key 的自然顺序进行比较
    else {
        if (key == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            Comparable<? super K> k = (Comparable<? super K>) key;
        do {
            parent = t;
            cmp = k.compareTo(t.key);
            if (cmp < 0)
                t = t.left;
            else if (cmp > 0)
                t = t.right;
            else
                return t.setValue(value);
        } while (t != null);
    }
    // 通过上面的遍历未找到 key 值，则新插入节点
    Entry<K,V> e = new Entry<>(key, value, parent);
    if (cmp < 0)
        parent.left = e;
    else
        parent.right = e;
    // 插入后，为了维持红黑树的平衡需要调整
    fixAfterInsertion(e);
    size++;
    modCount++;
    return null;
}

public V get(Object key) {
    Entry<K,V> p = getEntry(key);
    return (p==null ? null : p.value);
}

final Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) {
    // Offload comparator-based version for sake of performance
    if (comparator != null)
        return getEntryUsingComparator(key);
    if (key == null)
        throw new NullPointerException();
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        Comparable<? super K> k = (Comparable<? super K>) key;
    Entry<K,V> p = root;
    // 按照二叉树搜索的方式进行搜索，搜到返回
    while (p != null) {
        int cmp = k.compareTo(p.key);
        if (cmp < 0)
            p = p.left;
        else if (cmp > 0)
            p = p.right;
        else
            return p;
    }
    return null;
}

public V remove(Object key) {
    Entry<K,V> p = getEntry(key);
    if (p == null)
        return null;

    V oldValue = p.value;
    deleteEntry(p);
    return oldValue;
}
private void deleteEntry(Entry<K,V> p) {
    modCount++;
    size--;

    // 如果当前节点有左右孩子节点，使用后继节点替换要删除的节点
    // If strictly internal, copy successor's element to p and then make p
    // point to successor.
    if (p.left != null && p.right != null) {
        Entry<K,V> s = successor(p);
        p.key = s.key;
        p.value = s.value;
        p = s;
    } // p has 2 children

    // Start fixup at replacement node, if it exists.
    Entry<K,V> replacement = (p.left != null ? p.left : p.right);

    if (replacement != null) { // 要删除的节点有一个孩子节点
        // Link replacement to parent
        replacement.parent = p.parent;
        if (p.parent == null)
            root = replacement;
        else if (p == p.parent.left)
            p.parent.left  = replacement;
        else 
            p.parent.right = replacement;

        // Null out links so they are OK to use by fixAfterDeletion.
        p.left = p.right = p.parent = null;

        // Fix replacement
        if (p.color == BLACK)
            fixAfterDeletion(replacement);
    } else if (p.parent == null) { // return if we are the only node.
        root = null;
    } else { //  No children. Use self as phantom replacement and unlink.
        if (p.color == BLACK)
            fixAfterDeletion(p);

        if (p.parent != null) {
            if (p == p.parent.left)
                p.parent.left = null;
            else if (p == p.parent.right)
                p.parent.right = null;
            p.parent = null;
        }
    }
}

public class TreeMapDemo {

    private static final String[] chars = "A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z".split(" ");

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TreeMap<Integer, String> treeMap = new TreeMap<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
            treeMap.put(i, chars[i]);
        }
        System.out.println(treeMap);
        Integer low = treeMap.firstKey();
        Integer high = treeMap.lastKey();
        System.out.println(low);
        System.out.println(high);
        Iterator<Integer> it = treeMap.keySet().iterator();
        for (int i = 0; i <= 6; i++) {
            if (i == 3) { low = it.next(); }
            if (i == 6) { high = it.next(); } else { it.next(); }
        }
        System.out.println(low);
        System.out.println(high);
        System.out.println(treeMap.subMap(low, high));
        System.out.println(treeMap.headMap(high));
        System.out.println(treeMap.tailMap(low));
    }
}

public class WeakHashMap<K,V>
    extends AbstractMap<K,V>
    implements Map<K,V> {}