作者：王石，胡瑞涛

在#跟着小白一起学鸿蒙# [六]如何编写hap文件，我们学习了hap文件的结构框架和如何自己开发一个简单的hap程序。接下来我们来学习如何在鸿蒙环境下编译hap程序。

安装使用说明(Open-Harmony)

在开源鸿蒙系统下

• 蓝牙专项应用程序路径为：foundation/communication/bluetooth/test/example/BluetoothTest

• .
  ├── example
  │   ├── BluetoothTest
  │   │   ├── build-profile.json5
  │   │   ├── hvigorfile.js
  │   │   ├── package.json
  │   │   ├── package-lock.json
  │   │   ├── BUILD.gn
  │   │   ├── entry/src/main
  │   │   │   ├── config.json
  │   │   │   ├── ets
  │   │   │   │   ├── Component
  │   │   │   │   ├── MainAbility
  │   │   │   │   │   ├── app.ets
  │   │   │   │   │   ├── controller
  │   │   │   │   │   ├── model
  │   │   │   │   │   ├── pages
  │   │   │   │   │   └── res
  │   │   │   │   │       └── image
  │   │   │   │   ├── MainAbility2 
  │   │   │   │   └── Utils
  │   │   │   └── resources
  │   │   │       └── base
  │   │   │           ├── element
  │   │   │           └── media
  │   │   └── signature
  ├── fuzztest
  ├── moduletest
  └── unittest
  

• 在开源鸿蒙下的编译，是套用了原本系统中编写好的hap程序编译模板，因此保留了一些模板中的结构，如：MainAbility2 和config.json中的js语句；对程序本身的编译没有影响。

• 在bundle.json中添加编译命令

  路径为：foundation/communication/bluetooth/bundle.json
  命令为：
  "test": [
     ...
     "//foundation/communication/bluetooth/test/example/example_btTest:BluetoothTest"
  ]
  

• 添加BUILD.gn

  foundation/communication/bluetooth/test/example/BluetoothTest/BUILD.gn
  import("//test/xts/tools/build/suite.gni")
  ohos_hap("BluetoothTest") {
    hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
    hap_name = "BluetoothTest"
    subsystem_name = XTS_SUITENAME
    final_hap_path =
        "${SUITES_OUTPUT_ROOT}/${XTS_SUITENAME}/testcases/${hap_name}.hap"
    deps = [
      ":bluetooth_resources",
      ":bluetooth_ts_assets",
    ]
    certificate_profile = "signature/auto_ohos_default_com.ohos.bttest.p7b"
  }
  
  ohos_js_assets("bluetooth_ts_assets") {
    source_dir = "entry/src/main/ets"
    hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
    ets2abc = true
  }
  
  ohos_resources("bluetooth_resources") {
    sources = [ "entry/src/main/resources" ]
    hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
  }
  

• 创建signature文件夹，添加签名文件

  路径为:foundation/communication/bluetooth/test/example/example_btTest/signature
  签名文件为：Dev-Eco自动签名生成的文件：auto_ohos_default_com.ohos.bttest.p7b
  

• config.json

  {
    "app": {
      "vendor": "samples",
      "bundleName": "ohos.samples.bttest",
      "version": {
        "code": 1000000,
        "name": "1.0.0"
      },
      "apiVersion": {
        "compatible": 8,
        "target": 8
     }
    },
    "deviceConfig": {},
    "module": {
      "mainAbility": ".MainAbility",
      "deviceType": [
        "default",
        "phone"
      ],
      "reqPermissions": [
        {
          "reason": "",
          "name": "ohos.permission.DISCOVER_BLUETOOTH"
        },
        {
          "reason": "",
          "name": "ohos.permission.USE_BLUETOOTH"
        },
        {
          "name": "ohos.permission.LOCATION"
        }
      ],
      "abilities": [
        {
          "skills": [
            {
              "entities": [
                "entity.system.home"
              ],
              "actions": [
                "action.system.home"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "orientation": "unspecified",
          "visible": true,
          "srcPath": "MainAbility",
          "name": ".MainAbility",
          "srcLanguage": "ets",
          "icon": "$media:icon",
          "description": "$string:MainAbility_desc",
          "formsEnabled": false,
          "label": "$string:MainAbility_label",
          "type": "page",
          "launchType": "singleton"
        },
        {
          "orientation": "unspecified",
          "visible": true,
          "srcPath": "MainAbility2",
          "name": ".MainAbility2",
          "srcLanguage": "ets",
          "icon": "$media:icon",
          "description": "$string:MainAbility2_desc",
          "formsEnabled": false,
          "label": "$string:MainAbility2_label",
          "type": "page",
          "launchType": "singleton"
        }
      ],
      "distro": {
        "moduleType": "entry",
        "installationFree": false,
        "deliveryWithInstall": true,
        "moduleName": "entry"
      },
      "package": "ohos.samples.bttest",
      "srcPath": "",
      "name": ".entry",
      "js": [
        {
          "mode": {
            "syntax": "ets",
            "type": "pageAbility"
          },
          "pages": [
            "pages/homePage",
            "pages/manualApiTestPage",
             ...
          ],
          "name": ".MainAbility",
          "window": {
            "designWidth": 720,
            "autoDesignWidth": false
          }
        },
        {
          "mode": {
            "syntax": "ets",
            "type": "pageAbility"
          },
          "pages": [
            "pages/index"
          ],
          "name": ".MainAbility2",
          "window": {
            "designWidth": 720,
            "autoDesignWidth": false
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
  

• # 全量编译
  ./build.sh --product-name {product_name}
  
  # 单独编译HAP
  ./build.sh --product-name {product_name} --build-target BluetoothTest
  

• • 使用 find out -name “BluetoothTest.hap*” 查找生成文件，或者直接查看config.json所写的生成路径。
  • 将生成文件拷到本地电脑上，连接板子，使用命令 hdc_std.exe install BluetoothTest进行安装。
  • 使用命令 hdc_std uninstall {安装包名} 进行卸载。
  • 安装包名在 entry\src\main\config.json 如："bundleName": "com.ohos.bttest"

• 在鸿蒙系统下编译，仍存在高版本对低版本的编译不兼容性问题。即在mater版本下编译的hap无法在beta2版本运行；反之则可以。

• 可能出现的编译报错

  • 一些属性必须初始化一个默认值。如：The @State property ‘bgColor’ ‘settingArrow’ ‘settingSummary’ must be specified a default value。
  • 注意引用路径中的文件名大小写问题。
  • 一些属性名与关键词或类名重复会起冲突。如：Property ‘height’/“onClick”/“enabled” in type ‘EntryComponent’ is not assignable to the same property in base type 'CustomComponent。将其改成例如"isOnClick"/"isEnabled"即可。
  • 一些资源，如：@State settingSummary: Resource 必须是resource 不能加 |string 或者赋值为string。Type ‘Resource’ is not assignable to type ‘string’. 反之同理。Type ‘string’ is not assignable to type ‘Resource’。