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Spring Boot and JPA. How to configure and test a memory database (H2) – Tutorial

 3 years ago
source link: https://marco.dev/2017/02/02/spring-boot-how-to-configure-and-tests-a-memory-database-h2-tutorial/
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Spring Boot and JPA. How to configure and test a memory database (H2) – Tutorial

I want to add a blog feature to my reference Angular / Java application. For this I need to write and read the database.

I decided to use H2 database and access it with the Spring Repositories and JPA. Spring Boot has a lot of features to easy manage our data.

The call hierarchy for the data is the following: Web controller -> Service -> Repository

You find the complete code here (Database branch): SpringAngular2TypeScript

Here the example of the Service:

@Service
public class BlogServiceImpl implements BlogService {

    @Autowired
    ArticleRepository articleRepository;

    @Override
    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public List<Article> getArticles() {

        List<Article> articleList = new ArrayList<>();

        // lambda expression
        // findAll() retrieve an Iterator

        // method reference ...
        articleRepository.findAll().forEach(articleList::add);
        // ... it is equivalent to
        // articleRepository.findAll().forEach(article -> articleList.add(article));

        return articleList;

    }

Interesting is the Iterable object returned by the CrudRepository for the findAll() method.

It could create a surprise to who has the habit to receive a List of objects.

The iterator can easily be transformed in a list using the lambda expression forEach combined with the method reference ::add

To test the code BlogServiceTest.java:

To fill the database for the test it’s enough to create 2 files in your resources (src/test/resources) directory.

Spring looks for those files when it starts.

With schema.sql Spring creates the database:

CREATE TABLE ARTICLE (ID INT PRIMARY KEY auto_increment, TITLE VARCHAR2(100), CONTENT TEXT)

And with import.sql Spring inserts the data:


INSERT INTO ARTICLE(TITLE, CONTENT) VALUES ('Article Example', 'Hello World from Java and H2');
INSERT INTO ARTICLE(TITLE, CONTENT) VALUES ('Blog in Angular ?', 'Maybe for fun');



@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = ("ch.javaee.demo.angular2"))
@EntityScan(basePackages = "ch.javaee.demo.angular2")
public class BlogServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    BlogService blogService;

    @Test
    public void getAllArticlesTest() {

        List<Article> articleList = blogService.getArticles();
        assertThat(articleList).isNotNull();

        Article article = articleList.get(0);
        assertThat(article).hasNoNullFieldsOrProperties();
        assertThat(article.getId().equals(1L));
        assertThat(article.getTitle()).isEqualTo("Article Example");

        Article articleTwo = articleList.get(1);
        assertThat(articleTwo).hasNoNullFieldsOrProperties();
        assertThat(articleTwo.getId().equals(2L));
        assertThat(articleTwo.getContent()).isEqualTo("Maybe for fun");
    }
}

I had few problems to find the correct annotations combination. @SpringBootTest tried to load the WebController ending in error.

In conclusion with:

  • 1 Service
  • 1 ‘Empty’ Repository
  • 1 Entity
  • 2 SQL files

You have your database. No configuration is needed because Spring Boot automatically recognise and configure H2.

Author

Marco Molteni

Marco Molteni Blog


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