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linux下如何在命令行下解析处理json文件

 7 months ago
source link: https://bajie.dev/posts/20240119-jq/
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Linux下如何在命令行下解析处理json文件

2024-01-19 2 分钟阅读

最近调试Elasticsearch比较多，老用curl来查看数据，pretty=on固然是好，可是如果要具体看传回来的json数据，还是不方便，另外如果想在shell里处理json格式，就不知道如何是好了。就被迫改用python了，有没有在shell下调试json的工具呢？

有，就是jq，安装so easy：

wget http://stedolan.github.io/jq/download/linux32/jq (32-bit system)  
wget http://stedolan.github.io/jq/download/linux64/jq (64-bit system)  
chmod +x ./jq  
mv jq /usr/local/bin

给个json样本文件

cat google.json  
{
        "name": "Google",
        "location":
                {
                        "street": "1600 Amphitheatre Parkway",
                        "city": "Mountain View",
                        "state": "California",
                        "country": "US"
                },
        "employees":
                [
                        {
                                "name": "Michael",
                                "division": "Engineering"
                        },
                        {
                                "name": "Laura",
                                "division": "HR"
                        },
                        {
                                "name": "Elise",
                                "division": "Marketing"
                        }
                ]
}

看上面，{}括起来的是对象，如果是[]括起来的就是数组了，nodejs要注意这一点，其实json是js的Object的子集。

获取对象：

cat google.json | jq '.name'  
"Google"

获取嵌套对象：

cat google.json | jq '.location.city'  
"Mountain View"

获取一个数组的值：

cat google.json | jq '.employees[0].name'  
"Michael"

获取对象的多个字段：

cat google.json | jq '.location | {street, city}'  
{
  "city": "Mountain View",
  "street": "1600 Amphitheatre Parkway"
}

很简单吧，和curl结合起来，就可以在shell进行编程处理json文件了。

curl和jq结合的例子：

curl -s ... | jq .

如果返回的是一个字符串，不想要字符串的引号，-r即可

curl -s ... | jq '.location.city'  
"Mountain View"

curl -s ... | jq -r '.location.city'  
Mountain View

如果要计算某个数组的长度，length

curl -s ... | jq '.data | length'

最后放上Document：

https://stedolan.github.io/jq/manual/

jq现在已经到1.7了，有很多新用法，可以计算等等，用法大全：

http://hyperpolyglot.org/json


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