Hi friends 👋,

Happy Friday and welcome back to our 68th Weekly Dose of Optimism.

On Tuesday, Packy predicted that tech is going to get much bigger thanks to advancements in dexterity, energy, and intelligence. This week, we’ll share a bunch of stories that we can, at least directionally, back up his prediction.

Let’s get to it.

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(1) OpenAI’s first developer conference

(1) You can now create custom versions of ChatGPT that combine instructions, extra knowledge, and any combination of skills.

(2) GPT-4 Turbo with 128K context and lower prices, the new Assistants API, GPT-4 Turbo with Vision, DALL·E 3 API, and more.

OpenAI held its first developer day earlier this week, and it announced a bunch of new products and features that we think meaningfully move the ball forward on AI.

The primary new product announced was Custom GPT — which allows anyone to create their own version of GPT using unique instructions and extra knowledge. For example, we pretty easily spun up NotBoringGPT - a custom model based on what GPT could scrape from the web, a couple of recent essays that we uploaded, and a few sentences of additional instruction. Here’s a video on X of Altman’s demo of the product. And while it’s easy to predict that this new product will kill a hundred startups, it’s harder to predict the implications of allowing anyone — technical or non-technical — to build their own GPT.

On top of Custom GPT, OpenAI released a bunch of features that make the core product better: speed, longer context windows, more up-to-date, etc. Tech Is Going to Get Much Bigger was researched and edited with ChatGPT; the longer context windows are a godsend.

As we saw with the initial launch of ChatGPT, UI and user experience make a difference, and OpenAI is doubling down on that. Ben Thompson wrote a good post on this on Stratechery. OpenAI is also demonstrating that AI can get really, really useful long before they or someone else achieves AGI.

OpenAI devday seems to have accomplished its goal, which is to say, developers seem very excited about building with ChatGPT right now. Altman Xeeted this on Wednesday: “usage of our new features from devday is far outpacing our expectations.” But the definition of developer has changed. This isn’t F8 or re:Invent. Anyone — even me — can develop at custom model in ChatGPT.

(2) In a U.S. First, a Commercial Plant Starts Pulling Carbon From the Air

Brad Plumer for The New York Times

The start-up that built the facility, Heirloom Carbon Technologies, calls it the first commercial plant in the United States to use direct air capture, which involves vacuuming greenhouse gases from the atmosphere.

Heirloom Carbon Technologies launched the first commercial plant in the U.S. for direct air capture (DAC) with a capacity to absorb 1,000 tons of CO2 annually, equivalent to emissions from about 200 cars. Only 200 cars? Yes, we hear you.

We’ve written a bunch about DAC — its promises and its limitations — largely in the context of Frontier, the advanced market commitment (AMC) from the likes of Stripe and McKinsey, to accelerate carbon removal. The point of the AMC is to ensure demand for new technologies in which the offering is not yet competitive. Why do this? Not altruism. But to encourage builders to chase down technological advancements that can eventually make the product competitive. AMCs aren’t the only mechanisms by which these types of projects get funded.

Heirloom, for example, has benefitted from government aid and a long-term contract with Microsoft in order to get its commercial plant live. The idea here is that AMCs, companies, and governments can give projects a boost as they ride the long experience curve down to true market capitalism. We’ve seen it play out in EVs, solar, rockets, and a number of other markets. Time will tell for DACs — 200 cars this year, but how many cars in 2033?

(3) FDA Approves Lilly's Zepbound™ (tirzepatide) for Chronic Weight Management

From Lilly

Adults taking Zepbound in a clinical trial lost on average 48 lb. at the highest dose.

Another week, another development in obesity drugs. Lilly’s Zepbound, which is already sold by Eli Lilly as the diabetes treatment Mounjaro, was approved by the F.D.A. for weight loss. Patients that used Zepbound lost an average of 18% body weight, compared to just 15% for patients taking Wegovy. And while not approved for these conditions, patients of Zepbound also experienced lower cholesterol and reductions in blood pressure.

We’ve shared our perspective on weight loss GLP-1’s previously but it’s something along the lines of: obesity is a chronic disease, a certain percentage of people are never going to be able to cure that disease through behavioral changes, and GLP-1s, while still early, seem to provide a reasonably safe and effective treatment method. Plus, GLP-1s could play an important role in the future treatment of a bunch of other diseases, of course diabetes, but also cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases as well. And it seems to make people less addicted and compulsive generally, for better or worse.

As for Zepound specifically, we don’t have a dog in this fight. The more legit options on the market, the better it is for patients.

(4) Bangladesh strikes a blow against lead poisoning

From The Economist

Turmeric is the key to a good curry—ask any South Asian. The spice supplies a distinctive flavour, aroma and bright yellow colour. Many believe that consuming turmeric, or even bathing in it, also has multiple health benefits. But in much of South Asia, and perhaps far beyond, the spice also exacts a terrible cost.

As many as 5.5 million people die prematurely each year from lead poisoning — that’s more than HIV, malaria, and car accidents combined. And while much progress has been made on this over the last couple of decades — namely the phasing out of leaded gasoline — it’s still a major problem in some developing countries. In Bangladesh, for example, researchers discovered that lead-adulterated turmeric, a common cooking spice, which was being pigmented with lead chromate to enhance its color for better sales, resulted in high blood lead levels across the population.

But thanks to a combination of education and strict enforcement, Bangladesh has completely wiped lead from its turmeric supplies. In 2019, prior to the campaign, 47% of turmeric samples contained lead. In 2021, that number had dropped to 0%. The solution was two-pronged: The International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, and government officials initiated an education campaign — fliers, news spots, etc. — to inform the public about the dangers of lead and the illegality of adulteration. They then conducted raids with X-ray fluorescence analyzers to detect lead in turmeric and imposed fines on sellers with adulterated products. The result: sellers stopped using lead chromate in their turmeric in order to boost sales.

Free markets are great, but sometimes you need a bit of regulation to ensure that your curry isn’t being poisoned, you know?

(5) Humane Releases ai pin

Packy here. Yesterday, Humane showcased its long-anticipated ai pin in a 10 minute demo video. The ai pin starts at $699 + a $24/month fee that includes access to not-apps from a growing number of partners and cell service.

Reactions have been mixed. On the one hand, people are excited about the first AI-first hardware device, and it seems smooth! On the other, people are skeptical about the need for a new device when Apple exists.

Personally, I’m excited about it. This has been years of work in the making. You can tap a button on your shirt and get questions answered. You can point it at your food and get nutrition facts. You can point it at things in the real world and get more information. You can record conversations and videos of things happening around you instead of holding up your phone at a concert (with a warning light for privacy).

It will be cool to play with, get better with time, and give a bunch of other people ideas for new ways to interact with this new machine intelligence.

This is a first gen product in a totally new form factor — remember when the early iPhone couldn’t make calls because of the antenna? — so I’m sure there will be a lot of lessons learned. But you gotta love that, 16 years after the iPhone launched, people are experimenting with new hardware products again.

Bonus: Age of Miracles Episode 4

We’re baaaaaaaaaaack. Listen to Age of Miracles Episode 4 on Spotify, Apple, or wherever you listen.

This week’s is my favorite episode we’ve released to date because we dive into the startup side of nuclear and do a little strategy breakdown on a couple of startups working to manufacture small modular reactors: Last Energy and Blue Energy.

Blue Energy is planning to work with existing shipyards to print out reactors like ships, float them around the world to wherever they’re needed, and float them offshore. Bringing back some of the wildest ideas from the 1970s and 80s.

Last Energy is building 20 megawatt reactors based on existing designs — “We pride ourselves on being the least innovative nuclear company out there.” — and focusing on the manufacturing process to ultimately make 10,000 of them a year.

In both cases, the goal is to bring nuclear plants down the types of learning curves that solar has in order to make it as cheap as its cost physics suggest it could be.

There will, of course, be challenges, but the founders are aware of them and have crafted strategies to give them the best shot at overcoming them.

This is a fun one. Give it a listen.

That’s all for this week. If you have some time this weekend, check out Tegus.

We’ll be back in your inbox on Tuesday.

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Thanks for reading,

Dan + Packy