使用phpunit进行单元测试

本教程假定您使用 PHP 8.1 或 PHP 8.2。您将学习如何编写简单的单元测试以及如何下载和运行 PHPUnit.

PHPUnit 10 的文档可以在这里找到。

下载：可以用以下2种方法之一：

1.PHP 存档 (PHAR)

我们分发了一个PHP存档（PHAR），其中包含使用PHPUnit 10所需的一切。只需从这里下载并使其可执行：

wget -O phpunit https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit-10.phar

➜ chmod +x phpunit

➜ ./phpunit --version
PHPUnit 10.0.0 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

2.Composer

您可以使用 Composer 将 PHPUnit 作为本地、每个项目、开发时依赖项添加到您的项目中：

➜ composer require --dev phpunit/phpunit ^10

➜ ./vendor/bin/phpunit --version
PHPUnit 10.0.0 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

上面显示的示例假定composer在您的$PATH上。

您的 composer.json 应该看起来像这样:

{
    "autoload": {
        "classmap": [
            "src/"
        ]
    },
    "require-dev": {
        "phpunit/phpunit": "^10"
    }
}

src/Email.php

<?php declare(strict_types=1);
final class Email
{
    private string $email;

    private function __construct(string $email)
    {
        $this->ensureIsValidEmail($email);

        $this->email = $email;
    }

    public static function fromString(string $email): self
    {
        return new self($email);
    }

    public function asString(): string
    {
        return $this->email;
    }

    private function ensureIsValidEmail(string $email): void
    {
        if (!filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException(
                sprintf(
                    '"%s" is not a valid email address',
                    $email
                )
            );
        }
    }
}

tests/EmailTest.php

<?php declare(strict_types=1);
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

final class EmailTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testCanBeCreatedFromValidEmail(): void
    {
        $string = '[email protected]';

        $email = Email::fromString($string);

        $this->assertSame($string, $email->asString());
    }

    public function testCannotBeCreatedFromInvalidEmail(): void
    {
        $this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);

        Email::fromString('invalid');
    }
}

➜ ./phpunit --bootstrap src/autoload.php tests
PHPUnit 10.0.0 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

..                                        2 / 2 (100%)

Time: 70 ms, Memory: 10.00MB

OK (2 tests, 2 assertions)

➜ ./vendor/bin/phpunit tests
PHPUnit 10.0.0 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

..                                        2 / 2 (100%)

Time: 70 ms, Memory: 10.00MB

OK (2 tests, 2 assertions)