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CS144 计算机网络 Lab1:Stream Reassembler - 之一Yo

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CS144 计算机网络 Lab1:Stream Reassembler

发表于 2023-04-20 23:08 | 分类 C++ | 阅读量 25

上一篇博客中我们完成了 Lab0,使用双端队列实现了一个字节流类 ByteStream,可以向字节流中写入数据并按写入顺序读出数据。由于网络环境的变化,发送端滑动窗口内的数据包到达接收端时可能失序,所以接收端收到数据之后不能直接写入 ByteStream 中,而是应该缓存下来并按照序号重组成正确的数据。这篇博客所介绍的 Lab1 将实现一个字节流重组器 StreamReassambler 来完成上述任务。

2065884-20230420213034398-2026549479.png

接收方的数据情况如下图所示,蓝色部分表示已消费的数据,绿色表示已正确重组但是还没消费的数据,红色则是失序到达且还没重组的数据:

2065884-20230420215159804-491698858.png

由于接收端缓冲区大小 capacity 有限,超出容量的数据(first unacceptable 之后的数据)将被丢弃,这些被丢弃的数据包将起到流量控制的作用,可以限制发送端滑动窗口的大小。

流重组器的接口如下所示:

复制StreamReassembler(const size_t capacity);

//! \brief Receives a substring and writes any newly contiguous bytes into the stream.
//!
//! If accepting all the data would overflow the `capacity` of this
//! `StreamReassembler`, then only the part of the data that fits will be
//! accepted. If the substring is only partially accepted, then the `eof`
//! will be disregarded.
//!
//! \param data the string being added
//! \param index the index of the first byte in `data`
//! \param eof whether or not this segment ends with the end of the stream
void push_substring(const std::string &data, const uint64_t index, const bool eof);

//! Access the reassembled byte stream
const ByteStream &stream_out() const { return _output; }
ByteStream &stream_out() { return _output; }

//! The number of bytes in the substrings stored but not yet reassembled
size_t unassembled_bytes() const;

//! Is the internal state empty (other than the output stream)?
bool empty() const;

其中最重要的函数就是 StreamReassambler::push_substring(),接收方收到数据之后就会调用此函数将数据保存起来。此函数接受三个参数:

  • data: 接收到的数据
  • index: 数据的第一个字节的索引,由于原始数据可能很大,超过了 TCPSegment 的容量,所以会将原始数据切分成多个片段,每个片段的第一个字节的索引就是 index,最小值为 0
  • eof:是不是最后一个数据包

三个参数中,最耐人寻味的就是 index 参数,如果只是单纯的失序到达,数据之间没有发生重叠,Lab1 就比较好做了,但是实验指导书中明确指出

May substrings overlap? Yes

这就比较难搞了,因为重叠分成两种:

  1. 前面一部分与已重组的数据发生重叠

    2065884-20230420221405567-660574698.png
  2. 前面不与已重组的数据发生重叠

    2065884-20230420221805685-421408962.png

实际上由于 data 的末尾可能超出 first unacceptable,需要对超出部分进行截断,这可能导致 eof 标志失效,但是问题不大,发送方之后会重新发送这个数据包。

为了处理上述重叠情况,需要一个 _next_index 成员代表 first unassembled 索引,一个 _unassembles 双端队列代表 first unassembledfirst unacceptable 之间的数据,由于里面可能只有一部分数据是有效的,所以用一个遮罩 _unassembled_mask 指出哪些数据是有效但是还没重组的。

复制class StreamReassembler {
  private:
    ByteStream _output;  //!< The reassembled in-order byte stream
    size_t _capacity;    //!< The maximum number of bytes
    std::deque<char> _unassembles{};
    std::deque<bool> _unassemble_mask{};
    size_t _unassambled_bytes{0};
    uint64_t _next_index{0};
    bool _is_eof{false};

    /** @brief 将数据写入未重组队列中
     * @param data 将被写入的字符串
     * @param dstart 字符串开始写入的位置
     * @param len 写入的长度
     * @param astart 队列中开始写入的位置
     */
    void write_unassamble(const std::string &data, size_t dstart, size_t len, size_t astart);

    /** @brief 重组数据
     */
    void assemble();

  public:
    StreamReassembler(const size_t capacity);

    //! \brief Receives a substring and writes any newly contiguous bytes into the stream.
    void push_substring(const std::string &data, const uint64_t index, const bool eof);

    //! \name Access the reassembled byte stream
    const ByteStream &stream_out() const { return _output; }
    ByteStream &stream_out() { return _output; }

    //! The number of bytes in the substrings stored but not yet reassembled
    size_t unassembled_bytes() const;

    bool empty() const;
};

收到数据时,先将不重叠的数据写入 _unassembles 队列中,之后调用 StreamReassabler::assemble() 函数重组队列中的连续数据,并更新 _next_index

复制StreamReassembler::StreamReassembler(const size_t capacity)
    : _output(capacity), _capacity(capacity), _unassembles(capacity, '\0'), _unassemble_mask(capacity, false) {}

//! \details This function accepts a substring (aka a segment) of bytes,
//! possibly out-of-order, from the logical stream, and assembles any newly
//! contiguous substrings and writes them into the output stream in order.
void StreamReassembler::push_substring(const string &data, const size_t index, const bool eof) {
    if (index > _next_index + _capacity)
        return;

    if (eof)
        _is_eof = true;

    if (eof && empty() && data.empty()) {
        _output.end_input();
        return;
    }

    auto end_index = data.size() + index;

    // 新数据在后面
    if (index >= _next_index) {
        auto astart = index - _next_index;
        auto len = min(_output.remaining_capacity() - astart, data.size());
        if (len < data.size())
            _is_eof = false;

        write_unassamble(data, 0, len, astart);
    }
    // 新数据与已重组的数据部分重叠
    else if (end_index > _next_index) {
        auto dstart = _next_index - index;
        auto len = min(_output.remaining_capacity(), data.size() - dstart);
        if (len < data.size() - dstart)
            _is_eof = false;

        write_unassamble(data, dstart, len, 0);
    }

    // 最后合并数据
    assemble();
    if (_is_eof && empty())
        _output.end_input();
}

void StreamReassembler::write_unassamble(const string &data, size_t dstart, size_t len, size_t astart) {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
        if (_unassemble_mask[i + astart])
            continue;

        _unassembles[i + astart] = data[dstart + i];
        _unassemble_mask[i + astart] = true;
        _unassambled_bytes++;
    }
}

void StreamReassembler::assemble() {
    string s;
    while (_unassemble_mask.front()) {
        s.push_back(_unassembles.front());
        _unassembles.pop_front();
        _unassemble_mask.pop_front();
        _unassembles.push_back('\0');
        _unassemble_mask.push_back(false);
    }

    if (s.empty())
        return;

    _output.write(s);
    _next_index += s.size();
    _unassambled_bytes -= s.size();
}

size_t StreamReassembler::unassembled_bytes() const { return _unassambled_bytes; }

bool StreamReassembler::empty() const { return _unassambled_bytes == 0; }

在命令行中输入:

复制cd build
make -j8
make check_lab1

可以看到测试用例也全部通过了:

2065884-20230420225810006-442692109.png

由于使用代码编辑器的是 VSCode,所以这里给出在 VSCode 中调试项目代码的方式。

tasks.json

首先在项目目录下创建 .vscode 文件夹,并新建一个 tasks.json 文件,在里面写入下述内容:

复制{
    "tasks": [
        {
            "type": "shell",
            "label": "cmake",
            "command": "cd build && cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug",
            "detail": "CMake 生成 Makefile",
            "args": [],
            "problemMatcher": "$gcc"
        },
        {
            "type": "shell",
            "label": "build",
            "command": "cd build && make -j8",
            "detail": "编译项目",
            "args": [],
            "problemMatcher": "$gcc"
        },
    ],
    "version": "2.0.0"
}

这里主要配置了两个任务,一个调用 CMake 生成 Makefile,一个编译 Makefile。在 VSCode 中按下 Alt + T + R,就能在任务列表中看到这两个任务,点击之后就能执行。

2065884-20230420224338690-404484799.png

launch.json

.vscode 文件夹中新建 launch.json,并写入下述内容:

复制{
    // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
    // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
    // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "debug lab test",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/build/tests/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": false,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ],
            "miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb"
        },
        {
            "name": "debug current file",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": false,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ],
            "preLaunchTask": "C/C++: g++ build active file",
            "miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb"
        }
    ]
}

之后打开一个测试用例,比如 tests/fsm_stream_reassembler_seq.cc,转到 debug 标签页,在代码中打下断点, 点击绿色按钮就能开始调试了:

2065884-20230420225042832-299247184.jpg

调试效果如下图所示:

2065884-20230420225535489-1995528164.jpg

通过这次实验,可以加深对接收端数据重组和分组序号的了解,期待后面的几个实验,以上~~


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