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PHP中RSA加解密详解

 2 years ago
source link: https://walkerdi.github.io/2019/03/06/php-rsa/
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PHP中RSA加解密详解


RSA加密算法是最常用的非对称加密算法,CFCA在证书服务中离不了它。但是有不少新手对它不太了解。下面仅作简要介绍。RSA是第一个比较完善的公开密钥算法,它既能用于加密,也能用于数字签名。RSA以它的三个发明者Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, Leonard Adleman的名字首字母命名,这个算法经受住了多年深入的密码分析,虽然密码分析者既不能证明也不能否定RSA的安全性,但这恰恰说明该算法有一定的可信性,目前它已经成为最流行的公开密钥算法。RSA的安全基于大数分解的难度。其公钥和私钥是一对大素数(100到200位十进制数或更大)的函数。从一个公钥和密文恢复出明文的难度,等价于分解两个大素数之积(这是公认的数学难题)。下面为具体类、实例:

<?php 
  
/** 
 * RSA算法类 
 * 签名及密文编码:base64字符串/十六进制字符串/二进制字符串流 
 * 填充方式: PKCS1Padding(加解密)/NOPadding(解密) 
 * 
 * Notice:Only accepts a single block. Block size is equal to the RSA key size! 
 * 如密钥长度为1024 bit,则加密时数据需小于128字节,加上PKCS1Padding本身的11字节信息,所以明文需小于117字节 
 *
 */
class RSA 
{ 
  private $pubKey = null; 
  private $priKey = null; 
  
  /** 
   * 构造函数 
   * 
   * @param string 公钥文件(验签和加密时传入) 
   * @param string 私钥文件(签名和解密时传入) 
   */
  public function __construct($public_key_file = '', $private_key_file = '') 
  { 
    if ($public_key_file) { 
      $this->_getPublicKey($public_key_file); 
    } 
    if ($private_key_file) { 
      $this->_getPrivateKey($private_key_file); 
    } 
  } 
  
  // 私有方法 
  /** 
   * 自定义错误处理 
   */
  private function _error($msg) 
  { 
    die('RSA Error:' . $msg); //TODO 
  } 
  
  /** 
   * 检测填充类型 
   * 加密只支持PKCS1_PADDING 
   * 解密支持PKCS1_PADDING和NO_PADDING 
   * 
   * @param int 填充模式 
   * @param string 加密en/解密de 
   * @return bool 
   */
  private function _checkPadding($padding, $type) 
  { 
    if ($type == 'en') { 
      switch ($padding) { 
        case OPENSSL_PKCS1_PADDING: 
          $ret = true; 
          break; 
        default: 
          $ret = false; 
      } 
    } else { 
      switch ($padding) { 
        case OPENSSL_PKCS1_PADDING: 
        case OPENSSL_NO_PADDING: 
          $ret = true; 
          break; 
        default: 
          $ret = false; 
      } 
    } 
    return $ret; 
  } 
  
  private function _encode($data, $code) 
  { 
    switch (strtolower($code)) { 
      case 'base64': 
        $data = base64_encode('' . $data); 
        break; 
      case 'hex': 
        $data = bin2hex($data); 
        break; 
      case 'bin': 
      default: 
    } 
    return $data; 
  } 
  
  private function _decode($data, $code) 
  { 
    switch (strtolower($code)) { 
      case 'base64': 
        $data = base64_decode($data); 
        break; 
      case 'hex': 
        $data = $this->_hex2bin($data); 
        break; 
      case 'bin': 
      default: 
    } 
    return $data; 
  } 
  
  private function _getPublicKey($file) 
  { 
    $key_content = $this->_readFile($file); 
    if ($key_content) { 
      $this->pubKey = openssl_get_publickey($key_content); 
    } 
  } 
  
  private function _getPrivateKey($file) 
  { 
    $key_content = $this->_readFile($file); 
    if ($key_content) { 
      $this->priKey = openssl_get_privatekey($key_content); 
    } 
  } 
  
  private function _readFile($file) 
  { 
    $ret = false; 
    if (!file_exists($file)) { 
      $this->_error("The file {$file} is not exists"); 
    } else { 
      $ret = file_get_contents($file); 
    } 
    return $ret; 
  } 
  
  private function _hex2bin($hex = false) 
  { 
    $ret = $hex !== false && preg_match('/^[0-9a-fA-F]+$/i', $hex) ? pack("H*", $hex) : false; 
    return $ret; 
  } 
  
  /** 
   * 生成签名 
   * 
   * @param string 签名材料 
   * @param string 签名编码(base64/hex/bin) 
   * @return 签名值 
   */
  public function sign($data, $code = 'base64') 
  { 
    $ret = false; 
    if (openssl_sign($data, $ret, $this->priKey)) { 
      $ret = $this->_encode($ret, $code); 
    } 
    return $ret; 
  } 
  
  /** 
   * 验证签名 
   * 
   * @param string 签名材料 
   * @param string 签名值 
   * @param string 签名编码(base64/hex/bin) 
   * @return bool 
   */
  public function verify($data, $sign, $code = 'base64') 
  { 
    $ret = false; 
    $sign = $this->_decode($sign, $code); 
    if ($sign !== false) { 
      switch (openssl_verify($data, $sign, $this->pubKey)) { 
        case 1: 
          $ret = true; 
          break; 
        case 0: 
        case -1: 
        default: 
          $ret = false; 
      } 
    } 
    return $ret; 
  } 
  
  /** 
   * 加密 
   * 
   * @param string 明文 
   * @param string 密文编码(base64/hex/bin) 
   * @param int 填充方式(貌似php有bug,所以目前仅支持OPENSSL_PKCS1_PADDING) 
   * @return string 密文 
   */
  public function encrypt($data, $code = 'base64', $padding = OPENSSL_PKCS1_PADDING) 
  { 
    $ret = false; 
    if (!$this->_checkPadding($padding, 'en')) $this->_error('padding error'); 
    if (openssl_public_encrypt($data, $result, $this->pubKey, $padding)) { 
      $ret = $this->_encode($result, $code); 
    } 
    return $ret; 
  } 
  
  /** 
   * 解密 
   * 
   * @param string 密文 
   * @param string 密文编码(base64/hex/bin) 
   * @param int 填充方式(OPENSSL_PKCS1_PADDING / OPENSSL_NO_PADDING) 
   * @param bool 是否翻转明文(When passing Microsoft CryptoAPI-generated RSA cyphertext, revert the bytes in the block) 
   * @return string 明文 
   */
  public function decrypt($data, $code = 'base64', $padding = OPENSSL_PKCS1_PADDING, $rev = false) 
  { 
    $ret = false; 
    $data = $this->_decode($data, $code); 
    if (!$this->_checkPadding($padding, 'de')) $this->_error('padding error'); 
    if ($data !== false) { 
      if (openssl_private_decrypt($data, $result, $this->priKey, $padding)) { 
        $ret = $rev ? rtrim(strrev($result), "\0") : '' . $result; 
      } 
    } 
    return $ret; 
  } 
}

应用举例:

header('Content-Type:text/html;Charset=utf-8;'); 
include "RSA.php"; 
echo '<pre>'; 
  
$pubfile = 'D:\WWW\test\rsa_public_key.pem'; 
$prifile = 'D:\WWW\test\rsa_private_key.pem'; 
$rsa = new RSA($pubfile, $prifile); 
$rst = array( 
  'ret' => 200, 
  'code' => 1, 
  'data' => array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), 
  'msg' => "success", 
); 
$ex = json_encode($rst); 
//加密 
$ret_e = $rsa->encrypt($ex); 
//解密 
$ret_d = $rsa->decrypt($ret_e); 
echo $ret_e; 
echo '<pre>'; 
echo $ret_d; 
echo '<pre>';  
$a = 'test'; 
//签名 
$x = $rsa->sign($a); 
//验证 
$y = $rsa->verify($a, $x); 
var_dump($x, $y); 
exit;

参考地址:

https://www.jb51.net/article/134978.htm


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