// Tutorial //

CSS Grid: Holy Grail Layout

Published on December 28, 2016 · Updated on April 4, 2022

By Alligator.io

Developer and author at DigitalOcean.

Holy Grail is a layout pattern that’s very common on the web. It consists of a header, a main content area with fixed-width navigation on the left, content in the middle and a fixed-width sidebar on the right and then a footer.

Holy Grail has been achieved using variety of methods, probably most notably recently with Flexbox. CSS Grid Layout is yet another method, and it should prove to be the most appropriate and straightforward way when browser support gets better. It was designed especially to easily accomplish full page layouts.

Live Demo

You can see this demo in action here if you have a supporting browser. Here are quick instructions on how to enable grid layout in Fixefox and Chrome.

Markup

The markup is really simple and the amount of elements needed to create the layout is minimal and semantic:

<div class="container">
  <header>
    <!-- Header content -->
  </header>

  <nav>
    <!-- Navigation -->
  </nav>

  <main>
    <!-- Main content -->
  </main>

  <aside>
    <!-- Sidebar / Ads -->
  </aside>

  <footer>
    <!-- Footer content -->
  </footer>
</div>

The grid

Using grid areas and the fr unit, here’s how we define the grid on the container:

.container {
  display: grid;

  grid-template-areas:
    "header header header"
    "nav content side"
    "footer footer footer";

  grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr 200px;
  grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto;
  grid-gap: 10px;

  height: 100vh;
}

Notice the use of height: 100vh (100% viewport height) on the container to extend the grid to at least the full height of the viewport. Our grid’s middle row is set to a height of 1fr so that it picks up the extra space when needed.

Grid items

The grid items are very simple to place on the grid with the grid-area property:

header {
  grid-area: header;
}

nav {
  grid-area: nav;
  margin-left: 0.5rem;
}

main {
  grid-area: content;
}

aside {
  grid-area: side;
  margin-right: 0.5rem;
}

footer {
  grid-area: footer;
}

Bonus: Making it Responsive

It’s easy to use media queries and to change just a few properties on the grid container to collapse everything into one column on smaller devices:

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .container {
    grid-template-areas:
      "header"
      "nav"
      "content"
      "side"
      "footer";

    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    grid-template-rows:
      auto /* Header */
      minmax(75px, auto) /* Nav */
      1fr /* Content */
      minmax(75px, auto) /* Sidebar */
      auto; /* Footer */
  }

  nav, aside {
    margin: 0;
  }
}

Grid and Flexbox

Grid is not a replacement for Flexbox and Flexbox is still the right solution for one dimension placement and micro layouts. It’s very easy to combine grid and flexbox layouts and they are designed to work well together.

We can use flexbox on our header for example to have the elements inside the header container be evenly distributed on the horizontal axis:

header {
  grid-area: header;

  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
}