@Override
	public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
		synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
			// Prepare this context for refreshing.
			//1、刷新前的准备
			prepareRefresh();

			// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
			//2、将会初始化 BeanFactory、加载 Bean、注册 Bean
			ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

			// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
			//3、设置 BeanFactory 的类加载器，添加几个 BeanPostProcessor，手动注册几个特殊的 bean
			prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

			try {
				//4、模板方法
				// Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
				postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

				// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
				//执行BeanFactory后置处理器
				invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

				// 5、Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
				//注册bean后置处理器
				registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

				// Initialize message source for this context.
				//国际化
				initMessageSource();

				// Initialize event multicaster for this context.
				initApplicationEventMulticaster();

				// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
				//6、模板方法--springboot实现了这个方法
				onRefresh();

				// Check for listener beans and register them.
				//7、注册监听器
				registerListeners();

				// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
				//8、完成bean工厂的初始化**方法**********************************************
				finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

				//9、 Last step: publish corresponding event.
				finishRefresh();
			}

			catch (BeansException ex) {
				if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
					logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
							"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
				}

				// Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
				destroyBeans();

				// Reset 'active' flag.
				cancelRefresh(ex);

				// Propagate exception to caller.
				throw ex;
			}

			finally {
				// Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
				// might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
				resetCommonCaches();
			}
		}
	}

onRefresh()是模板方法，具体的子类可以在这里初始化一些特殊的 Bean（在初始化 singleton beans 之前）

	private void createWebServer() {
		WebServer webServer = this.webServer;
		ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
		//第一次进来webServer servletContext都是null,会进到if分支里面
		if (webServer == null && servletContext == null) {
			//这里就会来查找ServletWebServerFactory，也就是web容器的工厂,具体看下getWebServerFactory()方法，
			// 还是ServletWebServerApplicationContext这个类的方法
			//创建了 TomcatServletWebServerFactory 类
			ServletWebServerFactory factory = getWebServerFactory();
			//创建 Tomcat
			this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(getSelfInitializer());
		}
		else if (servletContext != null) {
			try {
				getSelfInitializer().onStartup(servletContext);
			}
			catch (ServletException ex) {
				throw new ApplicationContextException("Cannot initialize servlet context", ex);
			}
		}
		initPropertySources();
	}

@Override
public WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
   if (this.disableMBeanRegistry) {
      Registry.disableRegistry();
   }
   //创建 Tomcat
   Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
   File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null) ? this.baseDirectory : createTempDir("tomcat");
   tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
   // 同步非阻塞io协议
   Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
   connector.setThrowOnFailure(true);
   tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
   customizeConnector(connector);
   tomcat.setConnector(connector);
   tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
   configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
   for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
      tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
   }
   prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
   //这里会创建 TomcatWebServer 实例, 并返回
   return getTomcatWebServer(tomcat);
}