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解决 Laravel 单元测试报错：A facade root has not been set
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在使用 Laravel 写单元测试时，直接复制了默认的文件：tests/Unit/ExampleTest.php。
而在测试对象中使用到了 Facades 相关的语法，执行 phpunit 时报错：
RuntimeException: A facade root has not been set.
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:258此问题的原因是继承了错误的基类，默认文件 tests/Unit/ExampleTest.php 中：
namespace Tests\Unit;
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
/**
* A basic test example.
*
* @return void
*/
public function testBasicTest()
{
$this->assertTrue(true);
}
}继承的是 PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase，而我们应该继承 tests/TestCase.php 中的 Tests\TestCase。
namespace Tests;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\TestCase as BaseTestCase;
abstract class TestCase extends BaseTestCase
{
use CreatesApplication;
}实际上应该复制 tests/Feature/ExampleTest.php 作为模板文件，就不会遇到这个问题了。
除了复制之外，也可以直接在命令行中直接运行：
php artisan make:test FooTest将会为你创建 tests/Feature/FooTest.php 文件，而加上 --unit 参数，则是在 tests/Unit 中创建文件。
php artisan make:test BarTest --unit
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