Primitive Type array1.0.0[−]

A fixed-size array, denoted [T; N], for the element type, T, and the non-negative compile-time constant size, N.

There are two syntactic forms for creating an array:

• A list with each element, i.e., [x, y, z].
• A repeat expression [x; N], which produces an array with N copies of x. The type of x must be Copy.

Note that [expr; 0] is allowed, and produces an empty array. This will still evaluate expr, however, and immediately drop the resulting value, so be mindful of side effects.

Arrays of any size implement the following traits if the element type allows it:

Arrays of sizes from 0 to 32 (inclusive) implement the Default trait if the element type allows it. As a stopgap, trait implementations are statically generated up to size 32.

Arrays coerce to slices ([T]), so a slice method may be called on an array. Indeed, this provides most of the API for working with arrays. Slices have a dynamic size and do not coerce to arrays.

You can move elements out of an array with a slice pattern. If you want one element, see mem::replace.

Examples

let mut array: [i32; 3] = [0; 3];

array[1] = 1;
array[2] = 2;

assert_eq!([1, 2], &array[1..]);

// This loop prints: 0 1 2
for x in array {
    print!("{} ", x);
}

You can also iterate over reference to the array’s elements:

let array: [i32; 3] = [0; 3];

for x in &array { }

You can use a slice pattern to move elements out of an array:

fn move_away(_: String) { /* Do interesting things. */ }

let [john, roa] = ["John".to_string(), "Roa".to_string()];
move_away(john);
move_away(roa);

Editions

Prior to Rust 1.53, arrays did not implement IntoIterator by value, so the method call array.into_iter() auto-referenced into a slice iterator. Right now, the old behavior is preserved in the 2015 and 2018 editions of Rust for compatibility, ignoring IntoIterator by value. In the future, the behavior on the 2015 and 2018 edition might be made consistent to the behavior of later editions.

let array: [i32; 3] = [0; 3];

// This creates a slice iterator, producing references to each value.
for item in array.into_iter().enumerate() {
    let (i, x): (usize, &i32) = item;
    println!("array[{}] = {}", i, x);
}

// The `array_into_iter` lint suggests this change for future compatibility:
for item in array.iter().enumerate() {
    let (i, x): (usize, &i32) = item;
    println!("array[{}] = {}", i, x);
}

// You can explicitly iterate an array by value using
// `IntoIterator::into_iter` or `std::array::IntoIter::new`:
for item in IntoIterator::into_iter(array).enumerate() {
    let (i, x): (usize, i32) = item;
    println!("array[{}] = {}", i, x);
}

Starting in the 2021 edition, array.into_iter() will use IntoIterator normally to iterate by value, and iter() should be used to iterate by reference like previous editions.

let array: [i32; 3] = [0; 3];

// This iterates by reference:
for item in array.iter().enumerate() {
    let (i, x): (usize, &i32) = item;
    println!("array[{}] = {}", i, x);
}

// This iterates by value:
for item in array.into_iter().enumerate() {
    let (i, x): (usize, i32) = item;
    println!("array[{}] = {}", i, x);
}

Future language versions might start treating the array.into_iter() syntax on editions 2015 and 2018 the same as on edition 2021. So code using those older editions should still be written with this change in mind, to prevent breakage in the future. The safest way to accomplish this is to avoid the into_iter syntax on those editions. If an edition update is not viable/desired, there are multiple alternatives:

• use iter, equivalent to the old behavior, creating references
• use array::IntoIter, equivalent to the post-2021 behavior (Rust 1.51+)
• replace for ... in array.into_iter() { with for ... in array {, equivalent to the post-2021 behavior (Rust 1.53+)

use std::array::IntoIter;

let array: [i32; 3] = [0; 3];

// This iterates by reference:
for item in array.iter() {
    let x: &i32 = item;
    println!("{}", x);
}

// This iterates by value:
for item in IntoIter::new(array) {
    let x: i32 = item;
    println!("{}", x);
}

// This iterates by value:
for item in array {
    let x: i32 = item;
    println!("{}", x);
}

// IntoIter can also start a chain.
// This iterates by value:
for item in IntoIter::new(array).enumerate() {
    let (i, x): (usize, i32) = item;
    println!("array[{}] = {}", i, x);
}