Install Oracle Instant Client on Linux and Windows

本篇文章用最简单和快速的方法介绍如何在 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 安装 Oracle Instant Client，该方法同样适用于 Windows，RHEL5/6/7，OEL，CentOS。Oracle Instant Client 是官方免费授权的一种比 Oracle Client 还要简单的数据库管理工具，通过 SQL*Plus 或者其它工具比如 Navicat 等用于快速连接和管理 Oracle 数据库服务器。

Install Oracle instantclient basic and instantclient sqlplus on Linux and Windows.

2017 年 08 月 22 日 - 增加 oracle instant client tnsping
2017 年 08 月 14 日 - 补充 ORA-24454: client host name is not set 的解决方案
2017 年 08 月 10 日 - 初稿

阅读原文 - https://wsgzao.github.io/post/oracle-instant-client/

扩展阅读

Oracle Instant Client Downloads - http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/instant-client/index-097480.html

Oracle Instant Client Downloads

文章内容均已 64 位版本为例，如果客户端有特殊需求请使用 32 位版本兼容

1. Linux Oracle Instant Client 推荐使用 RPM 方式安装，如果需要定制具体路径可以使用 zip 包手动配置
2. Windows 和 Linux 类似但需要主要 PATH 环境变量的配置
3. 实测 12 版本客户端可以向下兼容 11 版本的数据库服务器，Oracle Instant Client 12.2.0.1.0，Oracle Database 11.2.0.3.0

file://C:\Dropbox\Oracle Instant Client    (2 folders, 1 files, 5.51 KB, 479.15 MB in total.)
│ README.md    5.51 KB
├─Linux    (2 folders, 0 files, 0 bytes, 234.26 MB in total.)
│ ├─11.2.0.4.0    (0 folders, 4 files, 116.57 MB, 116.57 MB in total.)
│ │   instantclient-basic-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip    57.89 MB
│ │   instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip    814.93 KB
│ │   oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm    57.09 MB
│ │   oracle-instantclient11.2-sqlplus-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm    808.92 KB
│ └─12.2.0.1.0    (0 folders, 4 files, 117.69 MB, 117.69 MB in total.)
│     instantclient-basic-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip    65.77 MB
│     instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip    883.11 KB
│     oracle-instantclient12.2-basic-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm    50.38 MB
│     oracle-instantclient12.2-sqlplus-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm    691.51 KB
└─Windows    (2 folders, 0 files, 0 bytes, 244.89 MB in total.)
  ├─11.2.0.4.0    (0 folders, 4 files, 103.01 MB, 103.01 MB in total.)
  │   instantclient-basic-nt-11.2.0.4.0.zip    49.09 MB
  │   instantclient-basic-windows.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip    52.41 MB
  │   instantclient-sqlplus-nt-11.2.0.4.0.zip    739.29 KB
  │   instantclient-sqlplus-windows.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip    801.93 KB
  └─12.2.0.1.0    (0 folders, 4 files, 141.88 MB, 141.88 MB in total.)
      instantclient-basic-nt-12.2.0.1.0.zip    68.55 MB
      instantclient-basic-windows.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip    71.59 MB
      instantclient-sqlplus-nt-12.2.0.1.0.zip    849.21 KB
      instantclient-sqlplus-windows.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip    937.40 KB

下载地址
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/instant-client/index-097480.html

百度网盘分流
http://pan.baidu.com/s/1slhoZEH

Linux

以 RPM 最简方式为例

Preparation

Download all the required RPM from the official site and put them on the target system.
Current RPMs for 64bit are:
oracle-instantclient12.2-basic-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
oracle-instantclient12.2-sqlplus-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

Install RPMs

# install as root
rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient12.2-basic-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm oracle-instantclient12.2-sqlplus-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

# create oracle group and user
groupadd dba
useradd -g dba oracle
echo oracle:oracle | chpasswd

# configure profile
su - oracle
vi ~/.bash_profile

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/lib
export TNS_ADMIN=/usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/
export PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/bin:$PATH

# Connect to Your database with:
sqlplus system/oracle@oracapdb

# create new tnsnames.ora
# ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified
vim /usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/tnsnames.ora

oracapdb =
   (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.28.70.244)(PORT = 1521))
          (CONNECT_DATA =
        (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = oracapdb)
   )
)

# You can also use the Easy Connect connection string format (does not use TNSNAMES):
sqlplus system/oracle@//172.28.70.244:1521/oracapdb

# ORA-24454: client host name is not set
# Cause: The network host name in files like /etc/hosts was not set.
# Action: Set the host name and try again.
/bin/bash -c "echo'127.0.1.1 ${HOSTNAME}'>> /etc/hosts"

Windows

Windows 的配置相比 Linux 差不多简单，注意环境变量尤其是 TNS_ADMIN

Preparation

国外一篇图文并茂的文章写的也很详细，有需要可以参考下
Installing Oracle instantclient basic and instantclient sqlplus on win32
http://www.dbatoolz.com/t/installing-oracle-instantclient-basic-and-instantclient-sqlplus-on-win32.html

Go to Instant Client Downloads for Microsoft Windows download page:
http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/tech/oci/instantclient/htdocs/winsoft.html

unzip files

# 下载解压以下两个包至目录，比如 C:\instantclient_12_2
instantclient-basic-windows.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
instantclient-sqlplus-windows.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip

# 设置环境变量 
 计算机右键【属性】----【高级系统设置】----【环境变量】----【系统变量】----【Path】

# Setup your system %PATH% and %TNS_ADMIN% variables
C:\instantclient_12_2

# Connect to Your database with:
sqlplus system/oracle@oracapdb

# TNS_ADMIN
# ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified
Variable Name: TNS_ADMIN
Variable Value: C:\instantclient_12_2

# create new tnsnames.ora
C:\instantclient_12_2\tnsnames.ora

oracapdb =
   (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.28.70.244)(PORT = 1521))
          (CONNECT_DATA =
        (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = oracapdb)
   )
)

# You can also use the Easy Connect connection string format (does not use TNSNAMES):
sqlplus system/oracle@//172.28.70.244:1521/oracapdb

tnsping

因为某种原因 Oracle 官方迟迟未在 Oracle Instant Client 里集成 tnsping，尽管不是什么大问题但相信也会给习惯使用 tnsping 命令测试数据库连接的小伙伴带来困扰，我这里推荐采用的方法不是像网上一样复制拷贝 Standard Oracle Client，也不是完全拎起炉灶自己编写一套 tnsping，而是选择使用 Bash Shell 模拟 tnsping

vim /etc/profile
vim ~/bash_profile

whence tnsping >/dev/null 2>&1 || 
  tnsping() { 
    sqlplus -L -s x/x@$1 </dev/null | 
      grep ORA- | 
        (grep -v ORA-01017 || echo OK)
  }

$ tnsping db999
ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified
$ tnsping db01
OK
$ tnsping db02
ORA-12541: TNS:no listener