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Welcome to the repository for the Ultimate Solidity, Blockchain, and Smart Contract - Beginner to Expert Full Course | Python Edition FreeCodeCamp course!
Table of Contents
Resources For This Course
Questions
- Github Discussions
- Ask questions and chat about the course here!
- Stack Exchange Ethereum
- Great place for asking technical questions about Ethereum
- StackOverflow
- Great place for asking technical questions overall
Lesson 0: Welcome To Blockchain
What is a Blockchain?
Making Your First Transaction
- Metamask
- Etherscan
- Rinkeby Etherscan
- Rinkeby Faucet
- NOTE: The Chainlink documentation always has the most up to date faucets on their link token contracts page. If the faucet above is broken, check the chainlink documentation for the most up to date faucet.
- Gas and Gas Fees
- Wei, Gwei, and Ether Converter
- ETH Gas Station
How Do Blockchains Work?
Consensus
The Future
Miscellaneous
Lesson 1: Welcome to Remix! Simple Storage
Everything in this section can be read about in the Solidity Documentation
Remix
Basic Solidity
- Versioning
- Compiling
- Contract Declaration
- Types & Declaring Variables
uint256
,int256
,bool
,string
,address
,bytes32
- Default Initializations
- Comments
- Functions
- Deploying a Contract
- Calling a public state-changing Function
- Visibility
- Scope
- View & Pure Functions
- Structs
- Intro to Storage
- Arrays - Dynamic & Fixed sized
- Compiler Errors and Warnings
- Memory
- Mappings
- SPDX License
- Recap
Deploying to a "Live" network
- A testnet or mainnet
- Find a faucet here
- Connecting Metamask
- Interacting with Deployed Contracts
- The EVM
Lesson 2: Storage Factory
Inheritance, Factory Pattern, and Interacting with External Contracts
- Factory Pattern
- Imports
- Deploy a Contract From a Contract
- Interact With a Deployed Contract
- Recap
Lesson 3: Fund Me
Payable, msg.sender, msg.value, Units of Measure
- Payable
- Wei/Gwei/Eth Converter
- msg.sender & msg.value
Chainlink Oracles
- Decentralized Oracle Network Chainlink
- Blockchains can't make API calls
- Centralized Nodes are Points of Failure
- data.chain.link
Getting External Data with Chainlink Oracles
Importing from NPM and Advanced Solidity
- Decimals/Floating Point Numbers in Solidity
- latestRoundData
- Importing from NPM in Remix
- Interfaces
- Introduction to ABIs
- Getting Price Feed Addresses
- getPrice
- Tuples
- Unused Tuple Variables
- Matching Units (WEI/GWEI/ETH)
- getConversionRate
- Matching Units (Continued)
- SafeMath & Integer Overflow
- using keyword
- Libraries
- SafeMath PSA
- Setting a Threshold
- Require
- Revert
- Withdraw Function
- Transfer
- Balance
- Contract Owners
- Constructor
- Modifiers
- Resetting
- for loop
- Array Length
- Forcing a Transaction
- Recap
Lesson 4: Web3.py Simple Storage
Installing VSCode, Python, and Web3
- Developer Bootcamp Setup Instructions (metamask, vscode, python, nodejs..)
- VSCode
- VSCode Crash Course
- Extensions
Short Cuts:
- Python
- Install Troubleshooting
- Terminal
- Making a directory/Folder
- Opening the folder up with VSCode
- Creating a new file
- Syntax Highlights
- Remember to save!
- Setting linting compile version
- VSCode Solidity Settings
- Formatting & Format on Save
- Solidity Prettier
- Python Black
- pip
Our First Python Script with Web3.py - Deploying a Contract
- Reading our solidity file
- Running a Python Script in the Terminal
- MaxOS Shortcuts
- Windows Shortcuts
- Linux Shortcuts
- Compiling in Python
- py-solc-x
- compile_standard
- Colorized Brackets
- JSON ABI
- Saving Compiled Code
- Formatting JSON
- Deploying in Python
- Get Bytecode
- Get ABI
- Choose Blockchain to Deploy To
- Web3.py
- HTTP / RPC Provider
- Private Keys MUST start with "0x"
- Contract Object
- Building a Transaction
- Account Nonce
- Calling "Contructor"
- Transaction Parameters
- Signing the Transaction
- NEVER put your private key directly in your code
- Setting Environment Variables (Windows, Linux, MacOS)
- Exported Environment Variables Only Last the Duration of the Shell/Terminal
- Private Key PSA
- .env file
- .gitignore
- Loading .env File in Python
- Viewing our Transaction / Deployment in Ganache
- Waiting for Block Confirmations
Interacting with Our Contract in Python & Web3.py
- 2 Things you always need
- Contract Address
- Contract ABI
- Getting address from transaction receipt
- Calling a view function with web3.py
- Call vs Transact
- Updating State with Web3.py
- Working with ganache-cli
- Open a new terminal in the same window
- Deploying to a testnet
- Infura
- Alchemy
- Using Infura RPC URL / HTTP Provider
- Chain Ids
- Wow this seems like a lot of work... Is there a better way?
Lesson 5: Brownie Simple Storage
Brownie Introduction
Installing Brownie
- Installing Brownie
- Install pipx
- pipx install eth-brownie
- Testing Successful Install
Brownie Simple Storage Project
- A new Brownie project with
brownie init
- Project Basic Explanation
- Adding
SimpleStorage.sol
to thecontracts
folder - Compiling with
brownie compile
- Brownie deploy script
def main
is brownie's entry point
- brownie defaults to a
development
ganache
chain that it creates - Placing functions outside of the
main
function - brownie
accounts
- 3 Ways to Add Accounts
accounts[0]
: Brownie's "default" ganache accounts- Only works for local ganache
accounts.load("...")
: Brownie's encrypted command line (MOST SECURE)- Run
brownie accounts new <name>
and enter your private key and a password
- Run
accounts.add(config["wallets"]["from_key"])
: Storing Private Keys as an environment variable, and pulling from ourbrownie-config.yaml
- You'll need to add
dotenv: .env
to yourbrownie-config.yaml
and have a.env
file
- You'll need to add
- 3 Ways to Add Accounts
- Importing a Contract
- Contract.Deploy
- View Function Call in Brownie
- State-Changing Function Call in Brownie / Contract Interaction
transaction.wait(1)
Testing Basics
test_simple_storage.py
- Arrange, Act, Assert
assert
brownie test
test_updating_storage
- Pytest / Brownie Test Tips
- Deploy to a Testnet
brownie networks list
- Development vs Ethereum
- Development is temporary
- Ethereum networks persist
- RPC URL / HTTP Provider in Brownie
- The network flag
list index out of range
get_account()
networks.show_active()
- build/deployments
- Accessing previous deployments
- Interacting with contracts deployed in our brownie project
[Brownie console]
brownie console
Lesson 6: Brownie Fund Me
Introduction
- Setup
Dependencies, Deploying, and Networks
- Dependencies
- chainlink-brownie-contracts
- remappings
- Deploy Script (V1)
helpful_scripts.py
__init__.py
- Deploy to Rinkeby
- Contract Verification (
publish_source
)- The Manual Way
- "Flattening"
- The Programatic Way
- Getting an Etherscan API Key
ETHERSCAN_TOKEN
- Interacting with Etherscan
- The Manual Way
- Deploying to Local Chains
- Introduction to Mocking
- Constructor Parameters
networks
in ourbrownie-config.yaml
- Copying Mock Contracts from chainlink-mix
- Deploying and using our mock
- Refactoring
- Deploying to a persistent ganache
- brownie attach
- Adding a persistent brownie network
- resetting a network build
Funding and Withdrawing Python Scripts
- Whoops! Let's fix an issue...
- Fund Script
- Withdraw Script
Testing across networks
test_can_fund_and_withdraw
- default networks
- pytest
pip install pytest
- pytest.skip
- brownie exceptions
mainnet-fork
- Custom mainnet fork
- Adding a development brownie network
brownie networks add development mainnet-fork-dev cmd=ganache-cli host=http://127.0.0.1 fork='https://infura.io/v3/$WEB3_INFURA_PROJECT_ID' accounts=10 mnemonic=brownie port=8545
- Alchemy
brownie test --network mainnet-fork
- brownie ganache vs local ganache vs mainnet-fork vs testnet...
Lesson 7: SmartContract Lottery
Introduction
- Add a
README.md
- Defining the project
- Is it decentralized?
Lottery.sol
- basic setup
- Main Functions
- address payable[]
- getEntranceFee & Setup
- Chainlink Price Feed
- brownie-config
- Matching Units of Measure
- Can't just divide
- Test early and often
- Quick Math Sanity Check
- deleting networks
- Alchemy again
startLottery
- Openzeppelin... Is this the first openzeppelin reference?
- Openzeppelin Contracts Github
- Randomness
- Pseudorandomness
block
keywordblock.difficulty
block.timestamp
keccack256
- True Randomness with Chainlink VRF
- Chainlink VRF Remix Version
- Inheriting Constructors
- Oracle Gas & Transaction Gas
- Why didn't we pay gas on the price feeds?
- Chainlink Node Fees
- Request And Receive Introduction
- Kovan Faucets
- Funding Chainlink Contracts
- Request And Receive Explanation
- A Clarification
endLottery
returns (type variableName)
fulfillRandomness
override
- Modulo Operation (Mod Operation %)
- Paying the lottery winner
- Resetting the lottery
Testing Lottery.sol
deploy_lottery.py
get_account()
refactoredget_contract
contract_to_mock
Contract.from_abi
- Adding the parameters to deploying to lottery
vrfCoordinatorMock
and adding mocksLinkToken
and Mocks- Successful Ganache Deployment!
- Python Lottery Scripts/Functions
start_lottery
- Brownie tip: Remember to
tx.wait(1)
your last transaction enter_lottery
end_lottery
- Funding with LINK
- brownie interfaces
- Waiting for callback
- Integration Tests & Unit Tests
- Test all lines of code
test_get_entrance_fee
pytest.skip
(again)test_cant_enter_unless_started
test_can_start_and_enter_lottery
test_can_pick_winner_correctly
- Events and Logs
callBackWithRandomness
Lottery.sol Testnet Deployment
topics
- conftest.py
Lesson 8: Chainlink Mix
Brownie Mixes
Lesson 9: ERC20s, EIPs, and Token Standards
- ERC20/EIP20 Standard
- What is an ERC20?
- Creating an ERC20
- OpenZeppelin ERC20
- Solidity 0.8
- I Challenge you to code this yourself!
deploy_token.py
- Copy paste
helpful_scripts.py
- Viewing our token in metamask
- Adding to an exchange
Lesson 10: Defi & Aave
Defi Intro
Aave UI
- Kovan ETH
- What is Aave?
- Borrowing and Lending
- Connecting to Aave
- Depositing Tokens / Lending
- Checking your transaction is correct
- WETH Gateway
- Interest Bearing Token (aToken)
- Collateral
- DAI
- Stablecoin
- Wrapped Bitcoin (wBTC)
- Why borrow tokens?
- Blockchain Fintech Tutorial
- DISCLAIMER ABOUT BORROWING
- Borrowing Tokens
- Liquidations
- Your health factor must be above 1
- Solvent
- Stable vs Variable Interest Rate
- Repaying our borrows/loans
- Reward token / governance token
- Governance
Programmatic Interactions with Aave
Testing
Lesson 11: NFTs
Non-Technical Explainer
Simple NFT
- brownie mix
- Initial Setup
SimpleCollectible.sol
- OpenZeppelin ERC721
- Pug Image
- NFT Constructor
- NFT is a type of factory pattern
createCollectible
_safeMint
- TokenURI & Metadata
- Opensea listing example
- Is this decentralized?
Ethereum Size and dStorage
- You need to have your NFT attributes both on-chain and inside your tokenURI metadata
deploy_and_create.py
- TokenURI used for the demo: https://ipfs.io/ipfs/Qmd9MCGtdVz2miNumBHDbvj8bigSgTwnr4SbyH6DNnpWdt?filename=0-PUG.json
- IPFS Companion
- Rinkeby Deployment
- Opensea Example
SimpleCollectible Testing
- What else with NFTs?
Advanced NFT
AdvancedCollectible.sol
- Dungeons and Dragons Example
- Double Inherited Constructors
createCollectible
(Advanced)tokenIdToBreed
- Working with in-flight Chainlink VRF requests
- Download the NFT images from the nft-mix
setTokenURI
_isApprovedOrOwner
- Emit events when you update mappings
indexed
event keyword
Advanced deploy_and_create
- Move
OPENSEA_URL
tohelpful_scripts
- Deploying AdvancedCollectible
- Opensea testnet is only compatible with Rinkeby
- Rinkeby Chainlink VRF Contract Addresses
- Speeding through adding functions from previous projects
- Deploy to Rinkeby
create_collectible.py
- A quick unit test
- A quick integration test
Creating Metadata & IPFS
create_metadata.py
get_breed
- Metadata Folder
metadata_template
- NFT Metadata Attributes
- Checking if Metadata file already exists
Uploading to IPFS
- Setting the TokenURI
- End-To-End Manual Testnet Test
- Viewing on Opensea
Lesson 12: Upgrades
Introduction to upgrading smart contracts
- Original Video
- Smart Contracts can be upgraded!
- Does this mean they are not immutable?
- Trail of Bits on Upgradeable Smart Contracts
- The "Not Really Upgrading" / Parameterization Method
- The Social Yeet / Migration Method
- Contract Migration
- Proxies
- DelegateCall
- Terminology:
- Implementation Contract
- Proxy Contract
- Admin
- Gotchas:
- Storage Clashes
- Function Selector
- Function Selector Clashes
Proxy Patterns:
Upgrades-mix and code
- Setup
Box.sol
BoxV2.sol
- Getting the proxy contracts
- Openzeppelin Proxy Github
01_deploy_box.py
- Hooking up a proxy to our implementation contract
- (Optional) Creating a Gnosis Safe
- Initializers
- Encoding Initializer Function
- Assigning ABI to a proxy
- Running the script
- Upgrade Python Function
Testing Upgrades
- Testing our proxy
- Testing our upgrades
Upgrades on a testnet
Bonus Lesson 13: Full Stack Defi
- FreeCodeCamp React
- What are we building?
- Setup
DappToken.sol
TokenFarm.sol
tokenIsAllowed
addAllowedTokens
- mapping of a mapping
stakeTokens
issueTokens
getUserTotalValue
getUserSingleTokenValue
getTokenValue
setPriceFeedContract
unStakeTokens
- Can this be reentrancy attacked?
Defi Stake Yield Brownie Scripts & Tests
deploy.py
- Deploying DappToken
- Deploying TokenFarm
- Adding allowed tokens
- ERC20 Kovan Faucet
- Mocking our ERC20s
Testing our Defi Stake Yield Brownie Dapp
test_set_price_feed_contract
test_stake_tokens
- Fixtures
test_issue_tokens
- Now you try on tests!
Front End / Full Stack
- Front End Introduction
- Typescript
- React
- useDapp
- npx
- yarn
create-react-app
- Layout
- Testing Front End
- yarn && yarn start
- Connecting our wallets
- Install useDapp
- Header Component
- Connect Button
- Material-UI
- Making our button nicer
Main.tsx
- Sending
brownie-config
&build
folder to our UI - Helper Config
- TypeScript error suppression
- Getting addresses
- Ethers
- Only support kovan
- Sending
YourWallet
supportedTokens
- State Hooks
- Showing tokens
WalletBalance
ethersproject/units
BalanceMsg
- Stake Form
- Calling
approve
useContractFunction
useEffect
- Notifications
- Make it pretty
- Alerts
Shoutout to Matt for the help on the front end!
Closing and Summary
Security
Where do I go now?
Learning More
Community
Hackathons
Be sure to check out project grant programs!
And make today an amazing day!
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