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Living Robots: Revisiting BEAM

 3 years ago
source link: https://hackaday.com/2021/05/29/living-robots-revisiting-beam/
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Living Robots: Revisiting BEAMSkip to content

You’re hit by the global IC shortage, reduced to using stone knives and bearskins, but you still want to make something neat? It’s time to revisit BEAM robots.

Biology, electronics, aesthetics, and mechanics — Mark Tilden came up with the idea of minimalist electronic creatures that, through inter-coupled weak control systems and clever mechanical setups, could mimic living bugs. And that’s not so crazy if you think about how many nerves something like a cockroach or an earthworm have. Yet their collection of sensors, motors, and skeletons makes for some pretty interesting behavior.

My favorite BEAM bots have always been the solar-powered ones. They move slowly or infrequently, but also inexorably, under solar power. In that way, they’re the most “alive”. Part of the design trick is to make sure they stay near their food (the sun) and don’t get stuck. One of my favorite styles is the “photovore” or “photopopper”, because they provide amazing bang for the buck.

Back in the heyday of BEAM, maybe 15 years ago, solar cells were inefficient and expensive, circuits for using their small current were leaky, and small motors were tricky to come by. Nowadays, that’s all changed. Power harvesting circuits leak only nano-amps, and low-voltage MOSFETs can switch almost losslessly. Is it time to revisit the BEAM principles? I’d wager you’d put the old guard to shame, and you won’t even need any of those newfangled microcontroller thingies, which are out of stock anyway.

If you make something, show us!

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Posted in classic hacks, Hackaday Columns, SliderTagged analog, beam, nostalgia, robots

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32 thoughts on “Living Robots: Revisiting BEAM”

  1. Rumble_in_the_Jungle says:

    Not gonna lie, another art was stolen to collection ;)

    1. Dave says:

      Yep, I saved the title image also!

      1. Mike and I both searched forever to find a more BEAM-appropriate bit of Joe art, so I just ran this one b/c I love it. :)

  2. Michael Black says:

    People had technology on this continent before Europeans came over. Canoes and kayaks, nets for fishing, baskets made through complicated and time consuming methods, I saw one recently that is 200 years old. There were platforms over the Columbia River for fishing. In the north, they built igloos, an integrated life in a harsh environment, while modern housing has problems.

    When people came over from Europe, they brought other technology, which could easily be adapted because those metal knife blades were not so different from the knives already being used. And trading was a familiar concept.

    People like Spokan Garry could go from the northwest in 1825, where the only Europeans were fur traders, to school in Red River, to learn English and other things, and do it successfully.

    If you can’t get your 555s, there is a whole lot of technology, endless layers, before you get to “bearskins and flint knives”

    1. Gunplumber says:

      I do believe the author is making reference to this scene in Star Treck TOS: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F226oWBHvvI

      1. mark g says:

        Good catch. I’ll have to watch that episode late.

      2. Meh says:

        Beat me to it!

      3. Yeah, sorry about that. I should have put a link in…

      4. Garth Bock says:

        Seriously ? Y’all didn’t catch that reference immediately ? That’s Nerd 101 ! 😄

        1. None says:

          The annoying part is, some people will call you ignorant, then others will call you old when you know stuff they don’t (or looked it up, they say you must be xxx). You just can’t win.

  3. Alan Kilian says:

    I loved all the “misuse of electronics” that went into BEAM.
    Some of those circuits are just crazy. Lovely, but crazy.

    I see Solarbotics still sells a bunch of Solar Engine stuff for cheap.
    https://solarbotics.com/?s=solar+engine&post_type=product&dgwt_wcas=1

    I’d like to see new designs also. It might be a great summer camp project for kids.
    Post links if you find any please. Or contact me at firstlast at gmail if you want to collaborate on curriculum.

  4. jme says:

    Beam robots good me very interested in electronics around that 15 year ago timeline!
    Sharing the beam circuit website that was my Bible at the time.
    http://costaricabeam.solarbotics.net/Circuits_Main.htm

  5. Norm says:

    Mark had an office on the 3rd floor of the Math and Computer building at UW when i was an undergrad.

    I will never forget Mark showing me his photovores, photophobes and solar rollers… reusing an annoying birthday card as a controller.. his amazing skill with wire and solder…

    Today we take for granted that a quick search will return lots of “Mark Tildens” but i was lucky back in 1990 to cross paths with Mark and it had a stong influence on me.

  6. CoordSpace says:

    First off, thank you for trying to re-ignite this deep and quirky bit of robotics history instead of just surface-level reposting a solar-engine or LED pummer. There’s much more to be found in the form of bi-directional motor driving, all-analog neural networks, and stateless multi-legged robot motion control all working from the most meager of power sources quite happily.

    There are some quality quotes from the progenitor of B.E.A.M. Mark Tilden scattered across dusty sites and publications that are getting harder and harder to find. This article pushed me to dig through a few and Mark’s reasoning for why B.E.A.M. is worthwhile seems pretty relevant in these lean times:

    >The secret to BEAM technology is performance to-silicon ratio. If you had to basically restart the entire computer robotics industry on a desert island, this would be the technology you would use. This is the secret that [John] Von Neumann, and [Michael] Brady, and [Alan] Turing, and everyone else was looking for. Asynchronous real-world control in the smallest number of possible transistors to the maximum possible effect.

    B.E.A.M. was such a inspiration when I was a kid. The concept of these little devices built from spare bits and pieces harvested from junked electronics, given the ability to move, find energy, and deal with obstacles in incredibly robust ways was just so neat. Given that most of the field has shifted to a top-down all-digital designs, they still are.

    That said this isn’t a panacea for brittle robotic design but it was a nice meeting of requirements and solutions somewhere in an achievable middle; don’t try to make a robot that can do every complex thing imaginable from a central CPU, stick to simple needs like self-perseveration and build from there, spreading out the “thinking” across the entire design in the hardware itself. Not to mention the idea of using electronic trash was icing on the cake for a kid who enjoyed taking busted electronics apart.

    I’ve had a glossy photo book at my desk for years called Robo Sapiens that contains a short interview with Mark Tilden about his B.E.A.M. movement and his thoughts on robotics circa 1999-2000. His opinions regarding robotics in the home, the inflexibility of digital systems in complex environments, and the fragility of common robotics still ring true. Especially when he digs out an 11 year old BEAM design for a NV-net controlled snake robot and, despite having multiple mechanical failures, it still can effectively locomote. The photographer was so enamored with Tilden’s walking designs that both the first and last images in the book are of his Unibug 1.0 puttering happily along the uneven terrain at the Sand Dunes National Monument in Colorado; images I still find energizing.

    Sadly, Solarbotics has let link-rot and site-spread ravage their 90s-era repository of ASCII formatted circuit diagrams along with letting the tiering structure of what circuit came when fall into disarray at the hands of slipshod geocities-tier subsites.

    I’d love to see the solar engines, NV-cores, and motor drivers get a modern overhaul. Getting a lot of the key pieces for many B.E.A.M. circuits is getting nearly impossible and I’m pretty sure that they’re not best-in-class for what the circuits are trying to achieve anymore.

    P.S. If anyone has information on Mark Tilden’s solar powered B.E.A.M. window scrubbers that he had running for many years at his house before moving to Hong Kong, I’d really love to learn more about them!

    1. Tanner Bass says:

      Yeah seriously I need a HaD article on those NV-cores.
      A robot lizard with only two motors and a PLL (or whatever it was) that can adapt to introduced terrain? Lost art for sure.

      1. The Nv cores challenge… My own experience with them is kinda mixed.

        For those following at home, the idea is that you have an oscillator, and you have various ways of interconnecting them that change/couple their duty cycles, and that leads to changes in behavior.

        So like, the left/right motors fire on a bot on the high/low parts of the cycle, and the relative duty cycle is influenced by light sensors. This gives you light seeking or avoiding, depending.on which way you wire it up.

        More complicated behaviors could come out of layering these influenced-oscillator systems on top of one another and having them drive each other. It’s _not_ unlike how simple invertebrates work, so it’s not crazy. But it does leave you with the task of designing an invertebrate nervous system from scratch, and then calibrating it. It’s worth noting that it took Mother Nature millions of years to do this.

        The only one of these bots I ever got working were those simple types — photovores / photopoppers / FREDs. I must have built three or four, though. My crab-bot is probably still in the closet… But when it comes to the more complicated hierarchical systems, they always required a lot more tweaking and, I suspect, deep analog knowledge than I had at the time.

        1. Tanner Bass says:

          Thanks for the experience share :)
          I hope to have a go at some designs after finals week.

    2. “P.S. If anyone has information on Mark Tilden’s solar powered B.E.A.M. window scrubbers …”

      Million-dollar idea: solar powered gutter de-leafer bots. They can move essentially infinitely slowly, can be ugly b/c they don’t have to be seen. Design challenges are weather-proofing, traction, and of course cost.

  7. NForge says:

    Yes, I loved this approach to electronics and the creativity in the BEAM idea. I had a few twitchy bots hanging in the windowsill and a ratty folder with diagrams and ideas for new bots. Remember making those free-form “H-bridge” controllers. The Junkbot book was great. I would LOVE if a site or a book with modern bits and parts was created. Fun way to learn to solder as well (using paperclips and thumbtacks.

  8. Tanner Bass says:

    Aww, not a single Tomb Raider reference? It’s not very often that functional circuits make it into a movie :)

    1. Dan says:

      That was her assistant who had some BEAM robots walking around his place, wasn’t?

      1. Tanner Bass says:

        Yeah I’m having a hard time finding a video of them but the computer whiz that designed the combat robot had a bunch of them crawling around in his trailer.
        And Mark Tilden was brought in as a technical consultant for the film. Though I can’t find the original website that I read on that either.

  9. Dan says:

    BEAM robots will always have a special place in my heart, I spent so much time looking them up in the school computer lab in the early 2000s. A number of the ones I built still work today. I wish there were more info on the advanced walker robots Tilden made, but it seems like much of it is lost.

    1. Mike Robertson says:

      i still have a replica of tildens spider i was working on back in the day

  10. quarterturn says:

    Is there a modern replacement for the 1381L?

    1. Phil says:

      The MCP112 is a direct drop in replacement

  11. Mike Robertson says:

    wow, those pages are still around? that great stuff, i still have my solarbotics kits, some unopened. the old glass solar cells, 1381’s and many bits and bobs

    1. Those are still some good solar cells… the old Panasonic ones.

  12. kylegordon says:

    I have many happy memories of seeing BEAM & Solarbotics in action at Robotix 96 or 97 in Glasgow. It kickstarted a great little maker hobby of mine. Glad to see that it’s still around.

  13. Ingo Seidel says:

    The title picture lokks like a X-wing fighter flying in a service pit beneath a very exotic DIL-10 package waiting for oil change

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