Redis源码阅读：启动过程

最近我突然想看看Redis是怎么开始处理命令的，也就是从启动到开始处理请求，中间大概都发生了什么。话不多说，首先fork 原始仓库，然后把代码拉下来：

$ git clone [email protected]:jiajunhuang/redis.git

这样主要是为了方便自己加注释&保存。

在阅读之前，我们可以大概猜测一下如果是我们自己来写Redis，应该是怎么处理。如果我们使用Go来写一个Redis，那么差不多就是先 listen ，然后 accept 之后，得到一个 connection，然后起一个goroutine来处理这个客户端连接。但是C里没有这么方便，如果想要达到Go那样的写法，最简单的其实就是来一个连接，就起一个线程去处理，但是这样其实抗不了多少并发，Redis使用的是epoll，epoll的模式，差不多就是 listen 然后开始把得到的fd注册到epoll，然后开始不断的循环去做 epoll_wait，碰到可以读的fd，就读出来然后进行处理。

我们进行猜测之后，然后去Redis的源码里进行求证。

C语言的程序，都是从 main 函数开始执行的，所以我们要先找到 main 函数，在server.c 里面：

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    struct timeval tv;
    int j;
    char config_from_stdin = 0;

    ...
    redisSetCpuAffinity(server.server_cpulist);
    setOOMScoreAdj(-1);

    aeMain(server.el);
    aeDeleteEventLoop(server.el);
    return 0;
}

如果仔细看的话，aeMain 其实就是那个循环：

void aeMain(aeEventLoop *eventLoop) {
    eventLoop->stop = 0;
    while (!eventLoop->stop) {
        aeProcessEvents(eventLoop, AE_ALL_EVENTS|
                                   AE_CALL_BEFORE_SLEEP|
                                   AE_CALL_AFTER_SLEEP);
    }
}

/*
#define AE_FILE_EVENTS (1<<0)
#define AE_TIME_EVENTS (1<<1)
#define AE_ALL_EVENTS (AE_FILE_EVENTS|AE_TIME_EVENTS)
#define AE_DONT_WAIT (1<<2)
#define AE_CALL_BEFORE_SLEEP (1<<3)
#define AE_CALL_AFTER_SLEEP (1<<4)
*/

这个ae是Redis抽象出来的一个I/O多路复用库。既然在 aeMain(server.el) 里是循环，那么必定在循环之前有注册处理 TCP连接，以及如何读取连接的内容的函数。我们在 main 里翻一翻。

我往上翻了一翻，翻到一个 initServer()，进去看了一眼，还真的是：

void initServer(void) {
    int j;

    signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
    signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
    setupSignalHandlers();
    makeThreadKillable();
    ...
    server.el = aeCreateEventLoop(server.maxclients+CONFIG_FDSET_INCR);
    /* Create the timer callback, this is our way to process many background
     * operations incrementally, like clients timeout, eviction of unaccessed
     * expired keys and so forth. */
    if (aeCreateTimeEvent(server.el, 1, serverCron, NULL, NULL) == AE_ERR) {
        serverPanic("Can't create event loop timers.");
        exit(1);
    }

    /* Create an event handler for accepting new connections in TCP and Unix
     * domain sockets. */
    if (createSocketAcceptHandler(&server.ipfd, acceptTcpHandler) != C_OK) {
        serverPanic("Unrecoverable error creating TCP socket accept handler.");
    }
    if (createSocketAcceptHandler(&server.tlsfd, acceptTLSHandler) != C_OK) {
        serverPanic("Unrecoverable error creating TLS socket accept handler.");
    }
    if (server.sofd > 0 && aeCreateFileEvent(server.el,server.sofd,AE_READABLE,
        acceptUnixHandler,NULL) == AE_ERR) serverPanic("Unrecoverable error creating server.sofd file event.");
    ...

}

可以看到就在这里注册了时间事件和accept的回调函数。我们跳进去看看：

提一下，上面的 aeCreateTimeEvent(server.el, 1, serverCron, NULL, NULL) == AE_ERR 就是Redis定时执行一些任务的注册处。

/* Create an event handler for accepting new connections in TCP or TLS domain sockets.
 * This works atomically for all socket fds */
int createSocketAcceptHandler(socketFds *sfd, aeFileProc *accept_handler) {
    int j;

    for (j = 0; j < sfd->count; j++) {
        if (aeCreateFileEvent(server.el, sfd->fd[j], AE_READABLE, accept_handler,NULL) == AE_ERR) {
            /* Rollback */
            for (j = j-1; j >= 0; j--) aeDeleteFileEvent(server.el, sfd->fd[j], AE_READABLE);
            return C_ERR;
        }
    }
    return C_OK;
}

int aeCreateFileEvent(aeEventLoop *eventLoop, int fd, int mask,
        aeFileProc *proc, void *clientData)
{
    if (fd >= eventLoop->setsize) {
        errno = ERANGE;
        return AE_ERR;
    }
    aeFileEvent *fe = &eventLoop->events[fd];

    if (aeApiAddEvent(eventLoop, fd, mask) == -1)
        return AE_ERR;
    fe->mask |= mask;
    if (mask & AE_READABLE) fe->rfileProc = proc;
    if (mask & AE_WRITABLE) fe->wfileProc = proc;
    fe->clientData = clientData;
    if (fd > eventLoop->maxfd)
        eventLoop->maxfd = fd;
    return AE_OK;
}

然后我们看看我们传进去的 accept_handler 长啥样：

void acceptTcpHandler(aeEventLoop *el, int fd, void *privdata, int mask) {
    int cport, cfd, max = MAX_ACCEPTS_PER_CALL;
    char cip[NET_IP_STR_LEN];
    UNUSED(el);
    UNUSED(mask);
    UNUSED(privdata);

    while(max--) {
        cfd = anetTcpAccept(server.neterr, fd, cip, sizeof(cip), &cport);
        if (cfd == ANET_ERR) {
            if (errno != EWOULDBLOCK)
                serverLog(LL_WARNING,
                    "Accepting client connection: %s", server.neterr);
            return;
        }
        anetCloexec(cfd);
        serverLog(LL_VERBOSE,"Accepted %s:%d", cip, cport);
        acceptCommonHandler(connCreateAcceptedSocket(cfd),0,cip);
    }
}

static void acceptCommonHandler(connection *conn, int flags, char *ip) {
    client *c;
    char conninfo[100];
    UNUSED(ip);
    ...
    /* Create connection and client */
    if ((c = createClient(conn)) == NULL) {
        serverLog(LL_WARNING,
            "Error registering fd event for the new client: %s (conn: %s)",
            connGetLastError(conn),
            connGetInfo(conn, conninfo, sizeof(conninfo)));
        connClose(conn); /* May be already closed, just ignore errors */
        return;
    }
    ...
    if (connAccept(conn, clientAcceptHandler) == C_ERR) {
        char conninfo[100];
        if (connGetState(conn) == CONN_STATE_ERROR)
            serverLog(LL_WARNING,
                    "Error accepting a client connection: %s (conn: %s)",
                    connGetLastError(conn), connGetInfo(conn, conninfo, sizeof(conninfo)));
        freeClient(connGetPrivateData(conn));
        return;
    }
}

client *createClient(connection *conn) {
    client *c = zmalloc(sizeof(client));

    /* passing NULL as conn it is possible to create a non connected client.
     * This is useful since all the commands needs to be executed
     * in the context of a client. When commands are executed in other
     * contexts (for instance a Lua script) we need a non connected client. */
    if (conn) {
        connNonBlock(conn);
        connEnableTcpNoDelay(conn);
        if (server.tcpkeepalive)
            connKeepAlive(conn,server.tcpkeepalive);
        connSetReadHandler(conn, readQueryFromClient);
        connSetPrivateData(conn, c);
    }
    ...
}

这其中的 connSetReadHandler(conn, readQueryFromClient) 就设置了当socket缓冲区里有数据的时候，调用这个函数来处理。可是，什么时候会调用呢？也就是说，是在哪里注册的 conn->type 和可读事件的关系给I/O多路复用库的呢？我翻了一下没找到，不过当我搜索 set_read_handler 的时候找到了：

ConnectionType CT_Socket = {
    .ae_handler = connSocketEventHandler,
    .close = connSocketClose,
    .write = connSocketWrite,
    .read = connSocketRead,
    .accept = connSocketAccept,
    .connect = connSocketConnect,
    .set_write_handler = connSocketSetWriteHandler,
    .set_read_handler = connSocketSetReadHandler,
    .get_last_error = connSocketGetLastError,
    .blocking_connect = connSocketBlockingConnect,
    .sync_write = connSocketSyncWrite,
    .sync_read = connSocketSyncRead,
    .sync_readline = connSocketSyncReadLine,
    .get_type = connSocketGetType
};

/* Register a read handler, to be called when the connection is readable.
 * If NULL, the existing handler is removed.
 */
static int connSocketSetReadHandler(connection *conn, ConnectionCallbackFunc func) {
    if (func == conn->read_handler) return C_OK;

    conn->read_handler = func;
    if (!conn->read_handler)
        aeDeleteFileEvent(server.el,conn->fd,AE_READABLE);
    else
        if (aeCreateFileEvent(server.el,conn->fd,
                    AE_READABLE,conn->type->ae_handler,conn) == AE_ERR) return C_ERR;
    return C_OK;
}

也就是说，当有可读事件时，会调用 conn->type->ae_handler，conn->type 其实就是 CT_Socket，所以这个 ae_handler 其实就是：

static void connSocketEventHandler(struct aeEventLoop *el, int fd, void *clientData, int mask)
{
    UNUSED(el);
    UNUSED(fd);
    connection *conn = clientData;

    if (conn->state == CONN_STATE_CONNECTING &&
            (mask & AE_WRITABLE) && conn->conn_handler) {

        int conn_error = connGetSocketError(conn);
        if (conn_error) {
            conn->last_errno = conn_error;
            conn->state = CONN_STATE_ERROR;
        } else {
            conn->state = CONN_STATE_CONNECTED;
        }

        if (!conn->write_handler) aeDeleteFileEvent(server.el,conn->fd,AE_WRITABLE);

        if (!callHandler(conn, conn->conn_handler)) return;
        conn->conn_handler = NULL;
    }

    /* Normally we execute the readable event first, and the writable
     * event later. This is useful as sometimes we may be able
     * to serve the reply of a query immediately after processing the
     * query.
     *
     * However if WRITE_BARRIER is set in the mask, our application is
     * asking us to do the reverse: never fire the writable event
     * after the readable. In such a case, we invert the calls.
     * This is useful when, for instance, we want to do things
     * in the beforeSleep() hook, like fsync'ing a file to disk,
     * before replying to a client. */
    int invert = conn->flags & CONN_FLAG_WRITE_BARRIER;

    int call_write = (mask & AE_WRITABLE) && conn->write_handler;
    int call_read = (mask & AE_READABLE) && conn->read_handler;

    /* Handle normal I/O flows */
    if (!invert && call_read) {
        if (!callHandler(conn, conn->read_handler)) return;
    }
    /* Fire the writable event. */
    if (call_write) {
        if (!callHandler(conn, conn->write_handler)) return;
    }
    /* If we have to invert the call, fire the readable event now
     * after the writable one. */
    if (invert && call_read) {
        if (!callHandler(conn, conn->read_handler)) return;
    }
}

所以可以看到，就在这里，当有事件发生时，会分别调用处理读和写的回调函数，而处理读的函数，也就是最开始我们传入的 readQueryFromClient：

void readQueryFromClient(connection *conn) {
    ...

    qblen = sdslen(c->querybuf);
    if (c->querybuf_peak < qblen) c->querybuf_peak = qblen;
    c->querybuf = sdsMakeRoomFor(c->querybuf, readlen);
    nread = connRead(c->conn, c->querybuf+qblen, readlen);
    if (nread == -1) {
        if (connGetState(conn) == CONN_STATE_CONNECTED) {
            return;
        } else {
            serverLog(LL_VERBOSE, "Reading from client: %s",connGetLastError(c->conn));
            freeClientAsync(c);
            return;
        }
    } else if (nread == 0) {
        serverLog(LL_VERBOSE, "Client closed connection");
        freeClientAsync(c);
        return;
    } else if (c->flags & CLIENT_MASTER) {
        /* Append the query buffer to the pending (not applied) buffer
         * of the master. We'll use this buffer later in order to have a
         * copy of the string applied by the last command executed. */
        c->pending_querybuf = sdscatlen(c->pending_querybuf,
                                        c->querybuf+qblen,nread);
    }

    ...

    /* There is more data in the client input buffer, continue parsing it
     * in case to check if there is a full command to execute. */
     processInputBuffer(c);
}

可以看到，Redis的做法，其实就是从Socket读取，存到 c->querybuf，然后再从 c->querybuf 里提取命令并且执行。

这篇文章我们看了一下Redis是怎么启动，然后开始处理来自客户端的命令的，这些逻辑如果是在Go里来实现的话，其实很简单，但是由于Redis使用C语言使用epoll来实现，而epoll的方式则是回调的方式，所以可以看到，很多逻辑被拆成了很多碎片，再加上 Redis本身做的一些抽象，让代码更加的绕一些，当然这对Redis本身来说，是降低了工程复杂，但是对于阅读源码的人来说，的确加大了难度。