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重建CentOS或RHEL上被损坏的RPM数据库

 3 years ago
source link: https://www.lujun9972.win/blog/2018/07/21/%E9%87%8D%E5%BB%BAcentos%E6%88%96rhel%E4%B8%8A%E8%A2%AB%E6%8D%9F%E5%9D%8F%E7%9A%84rpm%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93/index.html
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重建CentOS或RHEL上被损坏的RPM数据库

有时候使用rpm/yum命令时可能会出现下面这样的错误 

rpm command terminates with “cannot open Packages database in /var/lib/rpm”

rpmdb: Lock table is out of available locker entries

rpmdb: /var/lib/rpm/Packages: unexpected file type or format
error: cannot open Packages index using db3 – Invalid argument (22)

error: rpmdbNextIterator: skipping h# 1601 Header V4 RSA/SHA1 signature: BAD, key ID 2142eef7

这可能是因为RPM数据库被损坏了. 若没有备份RPM数据库(/var/lib/rpm)的话,那么可以尝试下面步骤来进行恢复

  1. 首先备份现在的RPM数据库，防止后续操作对数据库产生进一步的损坏 

    tar -cvf rpm.db.tar /var/lib/rpm

  2. 删除 /var/lib/rpm/__db* 文件，这一步是删除之前rpm命令所产生的锁 

    cd /var/lib/rpm
rm -f /var/lib/rpm/__db*

  3. 尝试重建RPM数据库 

    rpm -vv --rebuilddb

  4. 验证Packages中文件的完整性 

    /usr/lib/rpm/rpmdb_verify /var/lib/rpm/Packages

如果上面的步骤还不行，那么需要重新导出倒入数据库

  1. 备份Packages目录 

    cd /var/lib/rpm
mv /var/lib/rpm/Packages /var/lib/rpm/Packages.bak

  2. 导出再导入数据库 

    /usr/lib/rpm/rpmdb_dump Packages.bak |/usr/lib/rpm/rpmdb_load Packages

  3. 再校验Packages文件中的完整性 

    /usr/lib/rpm/rpmdb_verify Packages

  4. 检查DB中的headers 

    rpm -q >/dev/null

  5. 若上一步没有输出，那么可以重建index了 

    rpm -v --rebuilddb

report

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