nginx proxy_pass

语法: proxy_pass URL;
场景: location, if in location, limit_except
说明: 设置后端代理服务器的协议(protocol)和地址(address),以及location中可以匹配的一个可选的URI。
	协议可以是"http"或"https"。地址可以是一个域名或ip地址和端口，或者一个 unix-domain socket 路径。  
详见官方文档: http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_proxy_module.html#proxy_pass

语法: proxy_pass address;
场景: server
说明: 设置后端代理服务器的地址。这个地址(address)可以是一个域名或ip地址和端口，或者一个 unix-domain socket路径。  
详见官方文档: http://nginx.org/en/docs/stream/ngx_stream_proxy_module.html#proxy_pass

server {
  listen 127.0.0.1:12345;
  proxy_pass 127.0.0.1:8080;
}

server {
  listen 12345;
  proxy_connect_timeout 1s;
  proxy_timeout 1m;
  proxy_pass example.com:12345;
}

server {
  listen 53 udp;
  proxy_responses 1;
  proxy_timeout 20s;
  proxy_pass dns.example.com:53;
}

server {
  listen [::1]:12345;
  proxy_pass unix:/tmp/stream.socket; #设置源站地址
}

server {
  listen    80;
  server_name www.test.com;

  # 正常代理，不修改后端url的
  location /some/path/ {
      proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
  }

  # 修改后端url地址的代理（本例后端地址中，最后带了一个斜线)
  location /testb {
      proxy_pass http://www.other.com:8801/;
  }

  # 使用 if in location
  location /google {
      if ( $geoip_country_code ~ (RU|CN) ) {
          proxy_pass http://www.google.hk;
      }
  }

  location /yongfu/ {
      # 没有匹配 limit_except 的，代理到 unix:/tmp/backend.socket:/uri/
      proxy_pass http://unix:/tmp/backend.socket:/uri/;

      # 匹配到请求方法为: PUT or DELETE, 代理到9080
      limit_except PUT DELETE {
          proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9080;
      }
  }

}

server {
  listen    80;
  server_name www.test.com;

  # 情形A
  # 访问 http://www.test.com/testa/aaaa
  # 后端的request_uri为: /testa/aaaa
  location ^~ /testa/ {
      proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8801;
  }
  
  # 情形B
  # 访问 http://www.test.com/testb/bbbb
  # 后端的request_uri为: /bbbb
  location ^~ /testb/ {
      proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8801/;
  }

  # 情形C
  # 下面这段location是正确的
  location ~ /testc {
      proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8801;
  }

  # 情形D
  # 下面这段location是错误的
  #
  # nginx -t 时，会报如下错误: 
  #
  # nginx: [emerg] "proxy_pass" cannot have URI part in location given by regular 
  # expression, or inside named location, or inside "if" statement, or inside 
  # "limit_except" block in /opt/app/nginx/conf/vhost/test.conf:17
  # 
  # 当location为正则表达式时，proxy_pass 不能包含URI部分。本例中包含了"/"
  location ~ /testd {
      proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8801/;   # 记住，location为正则表达式时，不能这样写！！！
  }

  # 情形E
  # 访问 http://www.test.com/ccc/bbbb
  # 后端的request_uri为: /aaa/ccc/bbbb
  location /ccc/ {
      proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8801/aaa$request_uri;
  }

  # 情形F
  # 访问 http://www.test.com/namea/ddd
  # 后端的request_uri为: /yongfu?namea=ddd
  location /namea/ {
      rewrite /namea/([^/]+) /yongfu?namea=$1 break;
      proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8801;
  }

  # 情形G
  # 访问 http://www.test.com/nameb/eee
  # 后端的request_uri为: /yongfu?nameb=eee
  location /nameb/ {
      rewrite /nameb/([^/]+) /yongfu?nameb=$1 break;
      proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8801/;
  }

  access_log /data/logs/www/www.test.com.log;
}

server {
  listen    8801;
  server_name www.test.com;
  
  root    /data/www/test;
  index   index.php index.html;

  rewrite ^(.*)$ /test.php?u=$1 last;

  location ~ \.php$ {
      try_files $uri =404;
      fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fastcgi.conf;
  }

  access_log /data/logs/www/www.test.com.8801.log;
}