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Docker Ecosystem Rosetta Stones

 3 years ago
source link: https://zwischenzugs.com/2015/12/22/docker-ecosystem-rosetta-stones/
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Navigating the Docker ecosystem can be confusing at the best of times.

I’ve been involved in numerous conversations where people have confused Indexes, Registries, Commits, diffs, pushes, Pods, Containers, Images… the list goes on.

I’ve put together these references to try and help with these confusions. Please get in touch if anything seems amiss, or you have any suggestions for improvements.

Reference is kept here.

Docker

Container A running instance of a Docker image Image A tagged history of layers make up an image Layer A set of file-level diffs. See diff Privileged Containers are privileged if they run with full root powers. Normally, root within the container has a reduced set of capabilities Registry A registry is a hosted service containing repositories of images, which responds to the Docker registry API Swarm Docker Swarm is a clustered set of Docker nodes connected and managed by a Swarm manager running on each node

Docker vs Git

Docker Git Blob Most often seen in the context of registries (API version 2) where the objects managed by the registry are stored in binary objects The git index points to blobs that refer to content making up the repository’s history Commit Takes the differences in the container you reference to the last image, and creates a new layer. The added layer and all previous layers constitutes a new image Takes the changes in your index and stores them in your local repository with a message Diff Gives you the files added, updated, or deleted in a layer Gives a line-by-line diff of files between two revisions in the git repository’s history History The layers that make up an image (in order) constitute an image’s history The ordered previous revisions in a repository Hub DockerHub is an index of images and Dockerfiles managed by Docker.inc. GitHub is a popular central point of reference for software projects that use git Index Apparently deprecated term for a registry A binary file in a git repository that stores references to all the blobs that make up a repository Pull Images are pulled from registries to your local host Get a set of commits and apply them to your local repository Push Committed and tagged images can be pushed to registries Commits can be pushed to remote repositories Repository A collection of images distinguished by tag, eg docker.io/ubuntu A git project, ie the folder you might pull from a git remote Remote N/A, though if someone uses this term, they probably mean registry A repository stored in another location, eg on GitHub or bitbucket.org Revision N/A See commit Tag Tags are applied to repositories to distinguish different images, eg docker.io/ubuntu:14.04 is a different image from docker.io/ubuntu:15.04, but both are in the same repository A reference to a git repository in a particular state

Kubernetes

Endpoint IP and port that accepts TCP or UDP flows Kube-proxy Receives information about changes to services and endpoints Kubelet See Replication Controller Replication Controller Container supervisor. One of these runs on each host, ensuring the correct pods are running and in the appropriate number Controller Manager Orchestrates replication controllers Pod A grouping of containers that run on one host, and share volumes and a network stack (ie including IP and ports). Pods can run as one-offs, while long-running services should be spun up by replication controllers Service An abstracted endpoint for a set of pods or other endpoint

OpenShift

Build Controller Component that manages the building of Docker images ready for deployment Deployment Controller Component that manages the deployment of Docker images to pods on nodes in the cluster Image Stream A set references to other images (and/or image streams). This provides a virtual view of related images, which allow operational control of events when any of the referenced image (and/or image streams) are changed. These events might trigger a rebuild or redeployment of a build. Route A DNS-resolveable endpoint that maps to an ip address and port Image Stream Tag Image Streams can be tagged in a similar way to Docker image tags

Docker vs Kubernetes vs OpenShift

Docker Kubernetes OpenShift Cluster A cluster is a set of Nodes that run Docker Swarm  A Kubernetes Cluster is a set of master nodes and minions An OpenShift Cluster is a set of OpenShift ‘master nodes’ plus a set of OpenShift nodes Label Name value pair applied to an object, eg an image or container Name value pair applied to an object, eg pod or node Name value pair applied to an object, eg route Master The Swarm Node acting as the elected master The node or nodes that act as the cluster master, keeping track of centralised information using etcd nodes The node or nodes that act as the cluster master, keeping track of centralised information using etcd nodes Minion N/A Node on which Pods can be run Rarely used, but would correspond to an OpenShift Node Namespace Kernel facility to allocate an isolated instance of a global resource, eg filesystem or network. Docker is partly a product that orchestrates these isolated components in a consumable way Isolated sets of resources for management purposes Isolated sets of resources for management purposes Node A host within a Swarm cluster A host within a Kubernetes cluster A host within an OpenShift cluster Project N/A N/A Extension of Kubernetes’ namespace concept with the addition of RBAC etc. Service Stable endpoint that forwards requests to (transient) containers Stable endpoint that forwards requests to (transient) pods Stable endpoint that forwards requests to (transient) pods


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