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在 Manjaro Linux 系统使用 Docker — blog.huangz.me

 3 years ago
source link: https://blog.huangz.me/2020/docker-on-linux.html
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在 Manjaro Linux 系统使用 Docker

../_images/docker_logo.png

安装并启动

安装 Docker ：

$ sudo pacman -S docker
正在解析依赖关系...
正在查找软件包冲突...

软件包 (1) docker-1:19.03.5-1

全部安装大小：  181.99 MiB

:: 进行安装吗？ [Y/n] Y
(1/1) 正在检查密钥环里的密钥                                       [####################################] 100%
(1/1) 正在检查软件包完整性                                         [####################################] 100%
(1/1) 正在加载软件包文件                                           [####################################] 100%
(1/1) 正在检查文件冲突                                             [####################################] 100%
(1/1) 正在检查可用存储空间                                         [####################################] 100%
:: 正在处理软件包的变化...
(1/1) 正在安装 docker                                              [####################################] 100%
docker 的可选依赖
    btrfs-progs: btrfs backend support [已安装]
    pigz: parallel gzip compressor support
:: 正在运行事务后钩子函数...
(1/4) Creating system user accounts...
(2/4) Reloading system manager configuration...
(3/4) Reloading device manager configuration...
(4/4) Arming ConditionNeedsUpdate...

启动 Docker 服务：

$ sudo systemctl start docker.service

如果有需要的话还可以把 Docker 添加到启动项， 让 Docker 在每次系统启动时自动运行：

$ sudo systemctl enable docker.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.

将用户添加到 Docker 组中

Docker 默认只能通过 root 权限执行操作， 但通过将用户添加到 docker 用户组可以规避这一点：

sudo usermod -aG docker huangz

注销然后重新登录之后就可以直接执行 Docker 命令了。

使用国内镜像

Docker 默认使用的是外国源， 访问速度很慢而且很容易断线， 为此我们可以使用国内的镜像来代替默认的源。

打开或创建 /etc/docker/daemon.json 文件， 将选中的镜像地址添加到 registry-mirrors 数组里面（可同时填入多个镜像）：

{
    "registry-mirrors": [
        "https://registry.docker-cn.com"
    ]
}

这里的 registry.docker-cn.com 是 Docker 的官方中国镜像， 除此之外还有其他一些第三方镜像可选：

Azure 中国

https://dockerhub.azk8s.cn

https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

https://reg-mirror.qiniu.com

https://hub-mirror.c.163.com

https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com

保存文件之后重启一下 Docker 服务：

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

之后再次拉取应该就能够享受到镜像的加速效果了。

搜索和拉取映像（image）

查找“redis”相关的映像：

$ docker search redis
NAME                             DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
redis                            Redis is an open source key-value store that…   7827                [OK]
bitnami/redis                    Bitnami Redis Docker Image                      136                                     [OK]
sameersbn/redis                                                                  79                                      [OK]
grokzen/redis-cluster            Redis cluster 3.0, 3.2, 4.0 & 5.0               63
rediscommander/redis-commander   Alpine image for redis-commander - Redis man…   34                                      [OK]
kubeguide/redis-master           redis-master with "Hello World!"                31
redislabs/redis                  Clustered in-memory database engine compatib…   24
redislabs/redisearch             Redis With the RedisSearch module pre-loaded…   20
arm32v7/redis                    Redis is an open source key-value store that…   20
oliver006/redis_exporter          Prometheus Exporter for Redis Metrics. Supp…   18
webhippie/redis                  Docker images for Redis                         10                                      [OK]
insready/redis-stat              Docker image for the real-time Redis monitor…   9                                       [OK]
s7anley/redis-sentinel-docker    Redis Sentinel                                  9                                       [OK]
bitnami/redis-sentinel           Bitnami Docker Image for Redis Sentinel         9                                       [OK]
redislabs/redisgraph             A graph database module for Redis               9                                       [OK]
arm64v8/redis                    Redis is an open source key-value store that…   8
redislabs/redismod               An automated build of redismod - latest Redi…   6                                       [OK]
centos/redis-32-centos7          Redis in-memory data structure store, used a…   4
circleci/redis                   CircleCI images for Redis                       3                                       [OK]
frodenas/redis                   A Docker Image for Redis                        2                                       [OK]
runnable/redis-stunnel           stunnel to redis provided by linking contain…   1                                       [OK]
wodby/redis                      Redis container image with orchestration        1                                       [OK]
tiredofit/redis                  Redis Server w/ Zabbix monitoring and S6 Ove…   1                                       [OK]
xetamus/redis-resource           forked redis-resource                           0                                       [OK]
cflondonservices/redis           Docker image for running redis                  0

拉取 redis 映像（默认标签为 latest）：

$ docker pull redis
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/redis
bc51dd8edc1b: Already exists
37d80eb324ee: Already exists
392b7748dfaf: Already exists
48df82c3534d: Pull complete
2ec2bb0b4b0e: Pull complete
1302bce0b2cb: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:7b84b346c01e5a8d204a5bb30d4521bcc3a8535bbf90c660b8595fad248eae82
Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:latest
docker.io/library/redis:latest

拉取标签（版本）为 rc 的 redis 映像：

$ docker pull redis:rc
rc: Pulling from library/redis
bc51dd8edc1b: Already exists
37d80eb324ee: Already exists
392b7748dfaf: Already exists
a1b0f06a879d: Already exists
ddf53851e8fb: Already exists
cacb31381ac1: Already exists
Digest: sha256:0d9535132a352fabbf7cce287286e80cf1ecebc7b18a949bd547ba24413142df
Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:rc
docker.io/library/redis:rc

查看已有映像：

$ docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
redis               latest              44d36d2c2374        2 weeks ago         98.2MB
redis               rc                  9220658d0dd7        2 weeks ago         104MB
ubuntu              latest              ccc6e87d482b        5 weeks ago         64.2MB

运行映像创建容器

根据映像创建容器（实例）：

$ docker run --name myredis -d redis
f6b2ed42676c8f8e6499fc14a41ce188701d47f1bd2fac4db735455f24264096

每个容器的使用方法都不完全一样， 在使用前需要查看文档。

查看正在运行的容器的状态：

$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
f6b2ed42676c        redis               "docker-entrypoint.s…"   9 seconds ago       Up 7 seconds        6379/tcp            myredis

停止并移除容器：

$ docker stop myredis
$ docker rm myredis

查看相关信息

$ docker info
Client:
 Debug Mode: false

Server:
 Containers: 1
  Running: 0
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 1
 Images: 2
 Server Version: 19.03.5-ce
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: extfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: false
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: d50db0a42053864a270f648048f9a8b4f24eced3.m
 runc version: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
 init version: fec3683
 Security Options:
  apparmor
  seccomp
   Profile: default
 Kernel Version: 5.3.18-1-MANJARO
 Operating System: Manjaro Linux
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 16
 Total Memory: 31.38GiB
 Name: pc
 ID: 2BWN:6UK6:T2ON:UDHW:FKC6:4ESF:ZKU5:F2DS:CCAB:CK4Z:4IQN:PX2G
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Registry Mirrors:
  https://registry.docker-cn.com/
 Live Restore Enabled: false

report

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