GitHub - mattn/go-sqlite3: sqlite3 driver for go using database/sql
source link: https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3
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README.md
go-sqlite3
Description
sqlite3 driver conforming to the built-in database/sql interface
Supported Golang version: See .travis.yml
This package follows the official Golang Release Policy.
Overview
- Installation
- API Reference
- Connection String
- Features
- Compilation
- User Authentication
- Extensions
- FAQ
- License
Installation
This package can be installed with the go get command:
go get github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3
go-sqlite3 is cgo package.
If you want to build your app using go-sqlite3, you need gcc.
However, after you have built and installed go-sqlite3 with go install github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3
(which requires gcc), you can build your app without relying on gcc in future.
Important: because this is a CGO
enabled package you are required to set the environment variable CGO_ENABLED=1
and have a gcc
compile present within your path.
API Reference
API documentation can be found here: http://godoc.org/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3
Examples can be found under the examples directory
Connection String
When creating a new SQLite database or connection to an existing one, with the file name additional options can be given. This is also known as a DSN string. (Data Source Name).
Options are append after the filename of the SQLite database.
The database filename and options are seperated by an ?
(Question Mark).
Options should be URL-encoded (see url.QueryEscape).
This also applies when using an in-memory database instead of a file.
Options can be given using the following format: KEYWORD=VALUE
and multiple options can be combined with the &
ampersand.
This library supports dsn options of SQLite itself and provides additional options.
Boolean values can be one of:
0
no
false
off
1
yes
true
on
_auth
-
Create User Authentication, for more information see User Authentication
UA - Username
_auth_user
string
Username for User Authentication, for more information see User Authentication
UA - Password
_auth_pass
string
Password for User Authentication, for more information see User Authentication
UA - Crypt
_auth_crypt
- SHA1
- SSHA1
- SHA256
- SSHA256
- SHA384
- SSHA384
- SHA512
- SSHA512
_auth_salt
string
Salt to use if the configure password encoder requires a salt, for User Authentication, for more information see User Authentication
Auto Vacuum
_auto_vacuum
| _vacuum
0
|none
1
|full
2
|incremental
_busy_timeout
| _timeout
int
Specify value for sqlite3_busy_timeout. For more information see PRAGMA busy_timeout
Case Sensitive LIKE
_case_sensitive_like
| _cslike
boolean
For more information see PRAGMA case_sensitive_like
Defer Foreign Keys
_defer_foreign_keys
| _defer_fk
boolean
For more information see PRAGMA defer_foreign_keys
Foreign Keys
_foreign_keys
| _fk
boolean
For more information see PRAGMA foreign_keys
Ignore CHECK Constraints
_ignore_check_constraints
boolean
For more information see PRAGMA ignore_check_constraints
Immutable
immutable
boolean
For more information see Immutable
Journal Mode
_journal_mode
| _journal
- DELETE
- TRUNCATE
- PERSIST
- MEMORY
- WAL
- OFF
_locking_mode
| _locking
- NORMAL
- EXCLUSIVE
mode
- ro
- rw
- rwc
- memory
_mutex
- no
- full
_query_only
boolean
For more information see PRAGMA query_only
Recursive Triggers
_recursive_triggers
| _rt
boolean
For more information see PRAGMA recursive_triggers
Secure Delete
_secure_delete
boolean
| FAST
For more information see PRAGMA secure_delete
Shared-Cache Mode
cache
- shared
- private
_synchronous
| _sync
- 0 | OFF
- 1 | NORMAL
- 2 | FULL
- 3 | EXTRA
_loc
auto
Specify location of time format.
Transaction Lock
_txlock
- immediate
- deferred
- exclusive
_writable_schema
Boolean
When this pragma is on, the SQLITE_MASTER tables in which database can be changed using ordinary UPDATE, INSERT, and DELETE statements. Warning: misuse of this pragma can easily result in a corrupt database file.
DSN Examples
file:test.db?cache=shared&mode=memory
Features
This package allows additional configuration of features available within SQLite3 to be enabled or disabled by golang build constraints also known as build tags
.
Click here for more information about build tags / constraints.
Usage
If you wish to build this library with additional extensions / features. Use the following command.
go build --tags "<FEATURE>"
For available features see the extension list. When using multiple build tags, all the different tags should be space delimted.
Example:
go build --tags "icu json1 fts5 secure_delete"
Feature / Extension List
Extension Build Tag Description Additional Statistics sqlite_stat4 This option adds additional logic to the ANALYZE command and to the query planner that can help SQLite to chose a better query plan under certain situations. The ANALYZE command is enhanced to collect histogram data from all columns of every index and store that data in the sqlite_stat4 table.The query planner will then use the histogram data to help it make better index choices. The downside of this compile-time option is that it violates the query planner stability guarantee making it more difficult to ensure consistent performance in mass-produced applications.
SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 is an enhancement of SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3. STAT3 only recorded histogram data for the left-most column of each index whereas the STAT4 enhancement records histogram data from all columns of each index.
The SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3 compile-time option is a no-op and is ignored if the SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 compile-time option is used Allow URI Authority sqlite_allow_uri_authority URI filenames normally throws an error if the authority section is not either empty or "localhost".
However, if SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_ALLOW_URI_AUTHORITY compile-time option, then the URI is converted into a Uniform Naming Convention (UNC) filename and passed down to the underlying operating system that way App Armor sqlite_app_armor When defined, this C-preprocessor macro activates extra code that attempts to detect misuse of the SQLite API, such as passing in NULL pointers to required parameters or using objects after they have been destroyed.
App Armor is not available under
Windows
.
Disable Load Extensions
sqlite_omit_load_extension
Loading of external extensions is enabled by default.To disable extension loading add the build tag
sqlite_omit_load_extension
.
Foreign Keys
sqlite_foreign_keys
This macro determines whether enforcement of foreign key constraints is enabled or disabled by default for new database connections.Each database connection can always turn enforcement of foreign key constraints on and off and run-time using the foreign_keys pragma.
Enforcement of foreign key constraints is normally off by default, but if this compile-time parameter is set to 1, enforcement of foreign key constraints will be on by default Full Auto Vacuum sqlite_vacuum_full Set the default auto vacuum to full Incremental Auto Vacuum sqlite_vacuum_incr Set the default auto vacuum to incremental Full Text Search Engine sqlite_fts5 When this option is defined in the amalgamation, versions 5 of the full-text search engine (fts5) is added to the build automatically International Components for Unicode sqlite_icu This option causes the International Components for Unicode or "ICU" extension to SQLite to be added to the build Introspect PRAGMAS sqlite_introspect This option adds some extra PRAGMA statements.
- PRAGMA function_list
- PRAGMA module_list
- PRAGMA pragma_list
When this option is not used, secure_delete defaults to off. When this option is present, secure_delete defaults to on.
The secure_delete setting causes deleted content to be overwritten with zeros. There is a small performance penalty since additional I/O must occur.
On the other hand, secure_delete can prevent fragments of sensitive information from lingering in unused parts of the database file after it has been deleted. See the documentation on the secure_delete pragma for additional information Secure Delete (FAST) sqlite_secure_delete_fast For more information see PRAGMA secure_delete Tracing / Debug sqlite_trace Activate trace functions User Authentication sqlite_userauth SQLite User Authentication see User Authentication for more information.
Compilation
This package requires CGO_ENABLED=1
ennvironment variable if not set by default, and the presence of the gcc
compiler.
If you need to add additional CFLAGS or LDFLAGS to the build command, and do not want to modify this package. Then this can be achieved by using the CGO_CFLAGS
and CGO_LDFLAGS
environment variables.
Android
This package can be compiled for android. Compile with:
go build --tags "android"
For more information see #201
ARM
To compile for ARM
use the following environment.
env CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc CXX=arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ \ CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm GOARM=7 \ go build -v
Additional information:
Cross Compile
This library can be cross-compiled.
In some cases you are required to the CC
environment variable with the cross compiler.
Additional information:
Google Cloud Platform
Building on GCP is not possible because Google Cloud Platform does not allow gcc
to be executed.
Please work only with compiled final binaries.
Linux
To compile this package on Linux you must install the development tools for your linux distribution.
To compile under linux use the build tag linux
.
go build --tags "linux"
If you wish to link directly to libsqlite3 then you can use the libsqlite3
build tag.
go build --tags "libsqlite3 linux"
Alpine
When building in an alpine
container run the following command before building.
apk add --update gcc musl-dev
Fedora
sudo yum groupinstall "Development Tools" "Development Libraries"
Ubuntu
sudo apt-get install build-essential
Mac OSX
OSX should have all the tools present to compile this package, if not install XCode this will add all the developers tools.
Required dependency
brew install sqlite3
For OSX there is an additional package install which is required if you wish to build the icu
extension.
This additional package can be installed with homebrew
.
brew upgrade icu4c
To compile for Mac OSX.
go build --tags "darwin"
If you wish to link directly to libsqlite3 then you can use the libsqlite3
build tag.
go build --tags "libsqlite3 darwin"
Additional information:
Windows
To compile this package on Windows OS you must have the gcc
compiler installed.
- Install a Windows
gcc
toolchain. - Add the
bin
folders to the Windows path if the installer did not do this by default. - Open a terminal for the TDM-GCC toolchain, can be found in the Windows Start menu.
- Navigate to your project folder and run the
go build ...
command for this package.
For example the TDM-GCC Toolchain can be found here.
Errors
-
Compile error:
can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
When receiving a compile time error referencing recompile with
-FPIC
then you are probably using a hardend system.You can compile the library on a hardend system with the following command.
go build -ldflags '-extldflags=-fno-PIC'
More details see #120
-
Can't build go-sqlite3 on windows 64bit.
Probably, you are using go 1.0, go1.0 has a problem when it comes to compiling/linking on windows 64bit. See: #27
-
go get github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3
throws compilation error.gcc
throws:internal compiler error
Remove the download repository from your disk and try re-install with:
go install github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3
User Authentication
This package supports the SQLite User Authentication module.
Compile
To use the User authentication module the package has to be compiled with the tag sqlite_userauth
. See Features.
Usage
Create protected database
To create a database protected by user authentication provide the following argument to the connection string _auth
.
This will enable user authentication within the database. This option however requires two additional arguments:
_auth_user
_auth_pass
When _auth
is present on the connection string user authentication will be enabled and the provided user will be created
as an admin
user. After initial creation, the parameter _auth
has no effect anymore and can be omitted from the connection string.
Example connection string:
Create an user authentication database with user admin
and password admin
.
file:test.s3db?_auth&_auth_user=admin&_auth_pass=admin
Create an user authentication database with user admin
and password admin
and use SHA1
for the password encoding.
file:test.s3db?_auth&_auth_user=admin&_auth_pass=admin&_auth_crypt=sha1
Password Encoding
The passwords within the user authentication module of SQLite are encoded with the SQLite function sqlite_cryp
.
This function uses a ceasar-cypher which is quite insecure.
This library provides several additional password encoders which can be configured through the connection string.
The password cypher can be configured with the key _auth_crypt
. And if the configured password encoder also requires an
salt this can be configured with _auth_salt
.
Available Encoders
- SHA1
- SSHA1 (Salted SHA1)
- SHA256
- SSHA256 (salted SHA256)
- SHA384
- SSHA384 (salted SHA384)
- SHA512
- SSHA512 (salted SHA512)
Restrictions
Operations on the database regarding to user management can only be preformed by an administrator user.
Support
The user authentication supports two kinds of users
- administrators
- regular users
User Management
User management can be done by directly using the *SQLiteConn
or by SQL.
SQL
The following sql functions are available for user management.
Function Arguments Descriptionauthenticate
username string
, password string
Will authenticate an user, this is done by the connection; and should not be used manually.
auth_user_add
username string
, password string
, admin int
This function will add an user to the database.if the database is not protected by user authentication it will enable it. Argument
admin
is an integer identifying if the added user should be an administrator. Only Administrators can add administrators.
auth_user_change
username string
, password string
, admin int
Function to modify an user. Users can change their own password, but only an administrator can change the administrator flag.
authUserDelete
username string
Delete an user from the database. Can only be used by an administrator. The current logged in administrator cannot be deleted. This is to make sure their is always an administrator remaining.
These functions will return an integer.
- 0 (SQLITE_OK)
- 23 (SQLITE_AUTH) Failed to perform due to authentication or insufficient privileges
Examples
// Autheticate user // Create Admin User SELECT auth_user_add('admin2', 'admin2', 1); // Change password for user SELECT auth_user_change('user', 'userpassword', 0); // Delete user SELECT user_delete('user');
*SQLiteConn
The following functions are available for User authentication from the *SQLiteConn
.
Authenticate(username, password string) error
Authenticate user
AuthUserAdd(username, password string, admin bool) error
Add user
AuthUserChange(username, password string, admin bool) error
Modify user
AuthUserDelete(username string) error
Delete user
Attached database
When using attached databases. SQLite will use the authentication from the main
database for the attached database(s).
Extensions
If you want your own extension to be listed here or you want to add a reference to an extension; please submit an Issue for this.
Spatialite
Spatialite is available as an extension to SQLite, and can be used in combination with this repository. For an example see shaxbee/go-spatialite.
FAQ
-
Getting insert error while query is opened.
You can pass some arguments into the connection string, for example, a URI. See: #39
-
Do you want to cross compile? mingw on Linux or Mac?
See: #106 See also: http://www.limitlessfx.com/cross-compile-golang-app-for-windows-from-linux.html
-
Want to get time.Time with current locale
Use
_loc=auto
in SQLite3 filename schema likefile:foo.db?_loc=auto
. -
Can I use this in multiple routines concurrently?
Yes for readonly. But, No for writable. See #50, #51, #209, #274.
-
Why I'm getting
no such table
error?Why is it racy if I use a
sql.Open("sqlite3", ":memory:")
database?Each connection to
":memory:"
opens a brand new in-memory sql database, so if the stdlib's sql engine happens to open another connection and you've only specified":memory:"
, that connection will see a brand new database. A workaround is to use"file::memory:?cache=shared"
(or"file:foobar?mode=memory&cache=shared"
). Every connection to this string will point to the same in-memory database.Note that if the last database connection in the pool closes, the in-memory database is deleted. Make sure the max idle connection limit is > 0, and the connection lifetime is infinite.
For more information see
-
Reading from database with large amount of goroutines fails on OSX.
OS X limits OS-wide to not have more than 1000 files open simultaneously by default.
For more information see #289
-
Trying to execute a
.
(dot) command throws an error.Error:
Error: near ".": syntax error
Dot command are part of SQLite3 CLI not of this library.You need to implement the feature or call the sqlite3 cli.
More information see #305
-
Error:
database is locked
When you get a database is locked. Please use the following options.
Add to DSN:
cache=shared
Example:
db, err := sql.Open("sqlite3", "file:locked.sqlite?cache=shared")
Second please set the database connections of the SQL package to 1.
db.SetMaxOpenConns(1)
More information see #209
License
MIT: http://mattn.mit-license.org/2018
sqlite3-binding.c, sqlite3-binding.h, sqlite3ext.h
The -binding suffix was added to avoid build failures under gccgo.
In this repository, those files are an amalgamation of code that was copied from SQLite3. The license of that code is the same as the license of SQLite3.
Author
Yasuhiro Matsumoto (a.k.a mattn)
G.J.R. Timmer
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