GitHub - ashutosh1206/Crypton: Library consisting of explanation and implementat...
source link: https://github.com/ashutosh1206/Crypton
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README.md
Crypton
Crypton is an educational library to learn and practice Offensive and Defensive Cryptography. It is basically a collection of explanation and implementation of all the existing vulnerabilities and attacks on various Encryption Systems (Symmetric and Asymmetric), Digital Signatures, Message Authentication Codes and Authenticated Encryption Systems. Each attack is also supplemented with example challenges from "Capture The Flag" contests and their respective write-ups. Individuals who are already acquainted (or are into CTFs) with this field can use Crypton as a tool to solve challenges based on a particular existing vulnerability.
The library will be continuously updated with attack explanations and CTF challenges! Feel free to email me regarding any suggestions!
I have written a blog post on the timeline of development of this library: https://masterpessimistaa.wordpress.com/2018/08/12/announcing-crypton-an-educational-library-to-learn-offensive-and-defensive-cryptography/
WARNING: The author in no way guarantees that the code is secure. The library is only meant for educational purposes and the code should not be used for implementing in real world. All the example scripts in the library are trivial implementations.
There are different sections in this README:
- Motivation- What motivated me to create this library
- Library Structure- Directory structure of Crypton
- Domain Coverage- What all cryptosystems and attacks are covered in this library
- Future Plans/TODO- Attacks/concepts that are to be included soon
Motivation
Help CTF players and individuals interested in the field of Cryptography provide a platform for learning attacks in crypto and for experienced CTF players to practice challenges systematically divided into attacks associated with different sub-domains in crypto. Also, illustrate through various attack explanations how proper implementation of protocols is crucial.
Library Structure
Domain Coverage
1. Block Ciphers
S.No. Topic Explanation Impl./Exploit Challenge# 1 Block Cipher Basics- working of block ciphers, padding etc.2 Modes of Encryption- different modes of operation on block ciphers: ECB, CBC, CTR
3 Block Size Detection- detect blocksize of a block cipher encrypting data on a remote service
4 Mode Detection- detect type of mode of encryption: independent or dependent encryption of blocks
5
ECB Byte at a Time- byte at a time decryption of a secret
string running on a remote service encrypting input
+secret
in ECB mode
7 CBC Bit Flipping Attack- exploiting cookie generation mechanism to login as admin when cookie is generated using a block cipher in CBC mode
8 CBC Byte at a Time- byte at a time decryption of asecret
string running on a remote service encrypting input
+secret
in ECB mode
9 CBC Padding Oracle Attack- decryption of data encrypted by a vulnerable service providing encryption/decryption
10 CTR Bit Flipping- exploiting cookie generation mechanism to login as admin when cookie is generated using a block cipher in CBC mode2. RSA Encryption
S.No. Topic Explanation Impl./Exploit Challenge# 1 Unpadded RSA Enc/Dec- key generation, distribution, encryption/decryption, verification of decryption formula and padding in RSA2 Direct Root Attack- attack on unpadded RSA with low public key exponent
3
Fermat's Factorisation- technique used to factor modulus n
when p
and q
values are in proximity
n
when both of it's factors p
& q
, p-1
and q-1
have very small prime divisors
5
Common Modulus Attack- decrypt ciphertext when it's corresponding plaintext is encrypted two different times with the same modulus n
6
Common Prime Attack- retrieve factors of moduli n1
and n2
when they have a common factor
7
Wiener's Attack- get value of decryption key exponent d
when d < N0.25
8
Wiener's Attack Variant- get value of decryption key exponent d
when d
is a few bits greater than N0.25 or d < N0.25
9
Coppersmith's Attack- coppersmith's theorem, attack on stereotyped messages and factoring n
with high bits known
10
Franklin Reiter Related Message Attack- attack to retrieve related messages encrypted using the same modulus
11
Hastad's Broadcast Attack- with extension- attack to retrieve a message broadcasted among different people, encrypted using same exponent but different moduli
12 PKCS1-v1.5-Padded-RSA-Encryption/Decryption- ASN1 encoding, padded RSA encryption (needs to be fixed)
13 Intro-RSA-Challenges- basic challenges in RSA related to Number Theory
3. Message Authentication Codes (MACs)
S.No. Topic Explanation Impl./Exploit Challenge# 1 Message Authentication Code- internals and security analysis of MACs
2
CBC MAC Forgery- generating two message M1
and M2
having the same CBC-MAC authentication tag
4. Discrete Logarithm Problem
S.No. Topic Explanation Impl./Exploit Challenge# 1 DLP- cyclic groups, discrete logarithm problem, Baby-Step-Giant-Step algorithm 2 Elliptic Curve DLP- defining identity element, inverse of a point, cyclic groups over points on an EC, Hasse's theorem, ECDLP5. ElGamal Encryption
S.No. Topic Explanation Impl./Exploit Challenge# 1 ElGamal Cryptosystem- Encryption/Decryption- key generation, encryption, decryption in ElGamal Cryptosystem6. Authenticated Encryption (AE)
S.No. Topic Explanation Impl./Exploit Challenge# 1 AE basics & internals- working of authenticated encryption2 AE with MACs- different techniques of implementing AE with MACs: Encrypt and MAC, MAC then encrypt and encrypt then MAC
5 AES-GCM- encryption in AES-GCM, Wegman-Carter MAC
6 Forbidden Attack on AES-GCM- attack on AES-GCM due to nonce-reuse
7. Elliptic Curves
S.No. Topic Explanation Impl./Exploit Challenge# 1 Elliptic Curve Internals- defining Elliptic Curves, point addition, point doubling and scalar multiplication8. Digital Signatures
S.No. Topic Explanation Impl./Exploit Challenge# 1 ElGamal Signatures- key generation, signature generation, signature verification and correctness of ElGamal Signature scheme 2 Elliptic Curve DSA- signature generation, signature verification and correctness of signature algorithm
3
Attack k-reuse ECDSA- forging of ECDSA signatures due to reuse of k
4 Unpadded RSA Digital Signatures- signature generation and verification in RSA digital signature scheme
5 PKCS1-v1.5 padded RSA Digital Signatures
TODO
- RSA Encryption
- Chosen Ciphertext Attack on RSA Cryptosystem- Byte by Byte decryption
- Padding Oracle Attack on PKCS1 padded RSA encryption systemat
- Fermat's Factorisation
- Sieve Improvement
- Coppersmith's Attack
- Boneh Durfee Attack
- Hastad's Broadcast Attack
- Implementation of HBA on padded messages
- PKCS1-v1.5 Padded RSA encryption
- [More to be added]
Author
Ashutosh Ahelleya
- Twitter: https://twitter.com/ashutosha_
- Blog: https://masterpessimistaa.wordpress.com
- EmailID: [email protected]
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